C15.0041.00 Professor Crocker H. Liu
Fall 1998
Investment Principles and Analysis I 
9-10 Tisch Hall
UC 57 TuTh 2:35 - 3:50 pm
(212) 998-0353 Office
Ofc Hours: Open Door Policy (M-Thu)  
(212) 995-4233 FAX
email: cliu@stern.nyu.edu  
 
Investment Principles and Analysis I

Texts:
Required
Aswath Damodaran (AD), 1996, Investment Valuation, John Wiley and Sons.
F. Reilly and K. Brown (RB), 1997, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, 5th Edition, Dryden Press.

Highly Recommended
Martin Fridson (MF), 1996, Financial Statement Analysis: A Practitioner's Guide, 2nd Edition, John Wiley
Tom Copeland, etal (TC), 1996, Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons.

Class Packets: Available at the NYU Main Bookstore located at 18 Washington Place.

n Lecture Handouts Packet
n Finance Project Packet
n Three Examples of a Student Reports:

Himanshu Patel, Student Analyst, Fall 96 (JP Morgan, Equity Analyst)
Brett Rochkind, Student Analyst, Spring 98 (Summer Intern at Morgan Stanley, Equity Analyst)
Pollack Solanki, Student Analyst, Spring 98 (Summer Intern at Ernest & Young, Equity Analyst)

Grading Policy:
 
Class Participation/ Turning Assignments in On Time and of high Quality 
5%
Case Project: Due December 1, 1998 (late projects are not accepted)
50%
Midterm Exam: October 22, 1998 (Tentative date)
20%
Final Exam: December 17th 4-5:50pm
25%
                
                                                                              
The Case Project is an individual effort with each student responsible for 1 stock.  The case is 150-200 pages in length.  Students use the investment report to showcase their abilities to potential employers at the most prestigious investment banking firms.

Grading is based on the class curve rather than the total number of points and adheres to the grading curve set by the Finance department. The professor has no control over this curve.
 

What is Expected of Students:

Students are expected to ask another student for lecture notes or make other arrangements if he or she is unable to attend class e.g., religious holidays.

No makeup exams are given without a signed medical excuse from a doctor.

Students are required to possess a calculator with financial functions.
 

WARNING: This is a labor intensive class. The philosophy that we use is to talk about it, read about it, and then JUST DO IT! No incompletes will be given.

TOPIC SCHEDULE
 
Week
Dates
Topic/Readings
1
9/08 - 9/11
Security Market Fundamentals 
  • The Investment Setting   Ch. 1 (RB)
  • Sources of Information Ch. 6 (RB)
  • Sources of Valuation Data - Appendix B (TC)
  • 2-3
    9/14 - 9/25
    Industry Analysis 
  • Industry Analysis Ch. 19, RB
  • Company Analysis 

  • Company Analysis and Stock Selection Ch. 20 (RB)
  • Analysis of Financial Statements Ch. 12 (RB)
  • Understanding Financial Statements Ch. 5 (AD)
  • Financial Statement Analysis Ch. 1 - Ch. 8 (MF)

  •  
    4-6
    9/28-10/16
    Prelude to Valuation Analysis 
  • Introduction to Valuation Ch. 1 (AD)
  • Approaches to Valuation Ch. 2 (AD)
  • Overview and Conclusions Ch. 17 (AD)
  • Stock Market Analysis Ch. 18 (RB)
  • Dividend Discount Model 

  • Estimation of Discount Rates Ch. 3 (AD)
  • Estimation of Cashflows Ch. 4 (AD)
  • Estimation of Growth Rates Ch. 5 (AD)
  • Dividend-Discount Models Ch. 6 (AD)
  • Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)/Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) 

  • Free Cashflow to Equity Discount Models Ch. 7 (AD)
  • Valuing a Firm-The Free Cashflow to Firm Ch. 8 (AD)
  • Economic Profit (EVA)/Market Value Added (MVA) 

  • Why Value Value? Ch.1 (TC)
  • The Value Manger Ch. 2 (TC)
  • Cash is King Ch. 3 (TC)
  • Value Based Management Ch. 4 (TC)
  • Frameworks for Valuation Ch. 5 (TC)
  • Analyzing Historical Performance Ch. 6 (TC)
  • Forecasting Performance Ch. 7 (TC)
  • Estimating the Cost of Capital Ch. 8 (TC)
  • Estimating Continuing Value Ch. 9 (TC)
  • Calculating and Interpreting Results Ch. 10 (TC)
  • 7
    10/19-10/23
    Relative Valuation 
  • Price-Earnings Ratio Ch. 10 (AD)
  • Price-Book Value Ratios Ch. 11 (AD)
  • Price-Sales Ratios Ch. 12 (AD)
  • 8
    10/26 - 10/30
    Technical Analysis and Efficient Capital Markets 
  • Technical Analysis Ch. 21 (RB) 
  • Efficient Capital Markets Ch. 7 (RB) 
  • Market Efficiency-Definition and Tests Ch. 8 (AD) 
  •  Market Efficiency-The Evidence Ch. 9 (AD)
  • 9
    11/02 - 11/06
    Midterm Exam 
    Students can bring 2 pages of formulas written on only 1 side of the paper (not front and back) 

    Asset Pricing 

  • Introduction to Asset Pricing Models Ch. 9 (RB)
  • Extensions and Testing of Asset Pricing Theories Ch. 10, RB
  • 10
    11/09 - 11/13
    Special Cases in Valuation 
  • Option Contracts Ch. 24 (RB) 
  • Option Pricing Theory Ch. 17 (AD) 
  • Special Cases in DCF Valuation Ch. 13 (AD) 
  • Applications of Option Pricing to Equity Valuation Ch. 18 (AD)
  • Using Option Pricing Methods to Value Flexibility Ch. 15 (TC)
  • 11
    11/16 - 11/20
    Other Valuation Applications 
  • Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures Ch. 14 (TC)

  •  
    12-14
    11/23 - 12/11
     Investment Strategies 
  • Equity Portfolio Management Strategies Ch. 22 (RB)
  • Portfolio Management 

  • Asset Allocation Ch. 2 (RB) 
  • Introduction to Portfolio Management Ch. 8 (RB) 
  • Evaluation of Portfolio Performance Ch. 27 (RB) 
  • The Global Asset Allocation Decision Ch. 14 (RB)
  •  
    Investment Analysis Project

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to

    acquaint you with various investment information
    enhance your understanding of various analytical topics covered during the semester
    get you a job by showing this project to an employer in a job interview

    Due Date: December 1, 1998

    Format: The paper must be laser printed. References to outside sources should be footnoted at the end of the paper (this includes any class handouts). In the Appendix to each section, be sure to explain the technique(s) used/description of model, the assumptions and limitations of the model, and also put all intermediate calculations here.

    Individual Work: Each student is responsible for 1 stock in a given industry. Each individual in the class will not be allowed to choose a stock that another individual has selected or a stock used in the prior semester.

    Outline:
    I. Executive Summary: Final Stock Recommendation
    II. Company Overview and Recent News about Company
    III. Industry Analysis and Relationship to Company

    IV. Fundamental Analysis V. Technical Analysis: VI. References/Bibliography
    VII. Appendices



     Note:

    1. Your packet at the bookstore contains 3 typical student reports from prior semesters. Each report has certain weaknesses and therefore you should treat these prior reports only as a starting point or point of departure in doing your analysis.

    2. Unfortunately, due to administrative decisions to increase the size of this class, there will not be any resubmissions of the project allowed prior to the final submission. This policy may change if the class size is reduced to roughly 35 students.

    Staying On Course: You are required to submit your preliminary drafts to me at the end of each time period listed below so that I know you are keeping up. The grade on your preliminary drafts are preliminary.
     

    The grade on your final project is final. There will be no incompletes given in this course.

    PROJECT TIMETABLE
                                                       
    Week
    Date
    Project Work to be Submitted to Teacher
    1*
    9/10
    Sign-up for a stock and an alternative stock
    3
    9/22
    Student Information Sheets. 
    Company Overview 
    4
    9/29
    Industry Analysis and Firms Competitive Strategies
    5
    10/6
    Fundamental Analysis-Ratio Analysis
     7
    10/20
    Fundamental Analysis Part II. 
    Dividend Discount (DDM), Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE),EVA/MVA Models 
    8
    10/27
    Fundamental Analysis Part III. Relative Valuation Models 
    9
    11/03
    Midterm Exam. (Multiple Choice, True-False, & Quantitative Problems)
    10
    11/10
    Technical Analysis. Moving Average System, Relative Strength, Earnings Surprise Models 
    Executive Summary
    13
    12/01
    Final Project is Due.
      
     
    Detailed Guidelines in Writing Your Report and Timetable for Project

      Week                                Project Work To Be Completed Potential Data Sources/Software



     1* Sign-up/ submit the data packet on your stock(s). Your stock must
    (i) be publicly listed
    (ii) have prices, dividends(preferably), and positive earnings for at least 4 out of 5 years
    (iii) have information on it on Bloomberg machine


    3 Company Overview Synopsis: Describe what your company does and its prospects for the future. Discuss what are its major current and future sources of revenue and revenue growth, and provide a breakdown of revenue sources by geographic region, major product type, etc. Provide a description of the major products and divisions of your firm. Also, discuss current news events about the company and what these events portend in terms of future company performance e.g. future revenues and expenses.


    4 Industry Analysis and Management Strategies: Discuss the current state and the future prospects of the industry you have chosen. Also discuss how these industry trends impact on your stocks current/future performance. Present an analysis ala Michael Porter of the basic competitive forces in your industry and your companys strategies to deal with these forces. Also perform an analysis of your companys management team e.g. its skill and competence. Discuss company risks/uncertainties as well as special situations. The point of industry/management analysis is to determine the sustainability of current growth and prospects for future growth of your firm.


    5 Fundamental Analysis - Ratio Analysis: Discuss what your companys ratios suggest about the health of your firm relative to the industry, relative to the market as proxied by the S&P500, your companys primary competitors, as well as the firms past performance. Your discussion should focus on firm performance with respect to internal liquidity, operating performance, risk analysis, growth analysis, and external liquidity. Link problems which the ratio analysis suggests to balance sheet and income statement items and also major news events. Also, discuss what the implications of your ratio analysis are with respect to future management performance and long term price trends.

    Sources: RMA Annual Statement Studies (Robert Morris Associates), Industry Norms and Key Business Ratios (Dun & Bradstreet), Almanac of Business and Industrial Financial Ratios (Troy), and Trade Publications. For certain industries such as banking and insurance, the appropriate ratios will be found in tradebooks such as Shesnouff (banks) which compiles information in the call reports and the Best Reports (Insurance). Also

    check the Internet (e.g. www.wsrn.com).



     7 Fundamental Analysis - Dividend Discount, Free Cash Flow to Equity, EVA/MVA Models: Value your company using the constant growth model (or supergrowth model if applicable) in addition to the free cash flow to equity model. Do some simple sensitivity analysis on the growth rate and discount rate. In addition to this, perform an EVA/MVA analysis on your company and compare your company relative to other Fortune 500 companies in your industry. Address questions at the end of this section in the finance project handbook.

    Sources: Bloomberg, Compustat and CRSP on srds, ValueLine, First Call on America Online, Dow Jones News Retrieval, www.wsrn.com



     8 Fundamental Analysis - Relative Valuation Models:

    Perform a relative valuation analysis using firms that are "comparable" to your subject firm and using variables that are appropriate to your particular industry to adjust the industry P/E to arrive at the justified P/E for your stock and stocks of your comparables. Address questions at the end of this section in the finance project handbook.



     10 Technical Analysis: Determine whether your stock is overvalued, undervalued, or correctly priced using the moving average system, the relative strength technique, and the earnings surprise model.

    Do some simple sensitivity analysis on the number of days to use in the short term/long term moving averages. Construct a matrix showing the profit from varying the number of days in the short/long term series. Also perform some simple sensitivity analysis on the significance level to use as the appropriate Z score in the earnings surprise model e.g. 90%, 95%, etc. Construct a matrix showing the profit from varying the Z-score (significance level).

    Calculate your profit margin if you had relied on each of these alternative systems. In addition to this, calculate profits if you had used a buy and hold strategy. Address the issues in the technical analysis handout.

    Sources: Historical Price Quotes and First Call on America OnLine, Bloomberg, CRSP on srds.



    13 Project is Due (Pau Hana)