How to form the instrumental singular of nouns

Nom sg Ins sg
1st declension Masc (cons) +ом
+ем
+ем
-ий +ием
Neut +ом
+ем
-ие +ием
2nd decl Fem
Masc
+ой
+ей
-ия +ией
3rd decl Fem +ью

Instrumental +ем and +ей become +ём and +ёй in end-stressed nouns.

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