First, if you are using arrays and having trouble, I think it would be well to do this problem set first without arrays. Problem Set 5 requires you to modify this week's program to use arrays and add some other bells and whistles.
Start this one by developing a conceptual structure for the program. One simple way to lay out the problem follows.
First create a variable for each value
int jarSherds=200, cookingPotSherds=100, ...
double jarProb=0.2, cookingPotProb=0.6...
int summerJars=3, winterJars=12...
int assemblageJar=0, assemblageCookingPot=0...
double assemblageJarPct...
prompt for number of weeks
prompt for season
operationalize a summer site, simulating each weeks breakage
if summer then
for week from 1 to numberOfWeeks
check to see if a jar breaks
for i=1 to summerjars
if Math.random<=jarProb then
assemblageJar=assemblageJar+jarsherds
check to see if each cooking pot breaks
for i=1 to summerCookingPots then
...
recalculate percentages in sherd assemblage
print the assemblage at the end of the week
similarly simulate each week's breakage at a winter site
if winter then
same structure but use winterJars etc.
You're done.