Summary of equations and constants for Exam 2

Summary of equations and constants for Exam 2

For a spontaneous reaction:

For a reversible reaction:

For an isothermal ideal gas:

In general:

At const. Pressure

At const. Volume

Carnot Engine:

For a transition:

For chemical reactions:

In general:

A=U-TS

G=H-TS

Const. Pressure:

dG=dH-TdS

Const. Volume

dA=dU-TdS

In General:

dU=TdS - PdV

dG = VdP - SdT

Useful Constants For Water --

C_S (specific heat capacity of ice) = 1.95 J/( K g)

Boiling point = 100 C

Freezing point = 0 C

Molecular weight = 18

For a monoatomic ideal gas:

C_V= 3R/2

C_P = 5R/2