`5f^@f^P @@@ @@@@L4pz}\f^0f^` EN DB f^pl &.4U`m [[[[[((((((((((((******,,,\\RRRRFF55iiiiii-eeeeeeefffffffffff]]]]quu333333111111111wwwhhhhhhhnn{88888777:===<<< T Bollag19959/ Daniels1961 Foley1985" Heidke19955 Kvamme19939 Middleton1994z Pitty1978H Shackleton1973 UNESCO19514/(United States Department of the Interior2003/(United States Department of the Interior2003/(United States Department of the Interiorn.d./(United States Department of the Interiorn.d. Upham1982 Upham1983A Upham1984 Upham1986B Upham1987 Upham1989C Upham1990D Upham1990q Upham2000 Urban1992 Urban1992 Urban2002 Urrutia1991eVaillant1930fVaillant1931Vaillant1950EVaillant1951 Valadez1987. Valdez1988/ Valdez1992r Valdez19969 Valencia Cruz1989 Valencia Cruz19897 van Bergen1999zvan de Wetering1977 van der Merwe1972 van der Wal1989 Van Devender198?z van Dommelen1997Van Dyke1999F Van Leusen1996Van Pool1996G Van Reybrouck1994Van West1994HVan West1996Vandiver19930 Vargas1999 Varien1999I Vayda1968J Vayda1975KVegetius1944Q Viel19888L Vilette1991 Villa1983Villalpando C.1995 Villapando1991 Villapando1996 Vita-Finzi1969 Vita-Finzi19781 Vitali19872 Vitali19893 Vitalil19864 Vitelli1989V Viveros1996 Vivian1991 Vivian19963Voegelin1953 Vogel1993 Vogeln.d. Voigt19775 Von Winning1967 W alker1979" Wade1980# Wade1981M Wailes1995 Wakeley1998 Waldron1979i Walker19966 Wallace1995 Wallis1955 Wallis1963 Walsh1966+ Walsh1987 Walton1986 Wandsnider1985 Wandsnider1988N Wandsnider1996 Wang1996 Wang2000 Wanogho1985 Wanogho1989 Warne1998 Warner1975' Warren1970 Waters19688& Waters19900 Waters1990 Waters1992 Waters1996 Watson1982O Watson1983P Watson1984Q Watson1995Watson-Stegner1990S Wattez19919g Weaver1969$ Weber1999 Webster1971 Webster1978R Webster19806 Webster1984 Weed19761 Weed19761 Weedman1996 Weide1966 Weigand1982h Weigand1985/ Weil19966@ Weir1976S Weiseheimer1917 Wells20007 Wells2000 Wells2002 Wells2002 Wells2002 Wells2003 Wells2003 Wellsn.d. Welsh1996% Wendorf1954 Wesler198388 Wesler1991 West1964i West19659 Westerfeld2000 Weston1995T Wetterstrom1986 Whalen1993 Whalen1994 Whalen1996T Whalen1996: Whalen1998 Whalen2001 Whalen2001UWhalenin pressVWheatley1996 Wheeler1947 Wheelersburg1994W White1952X White1955 White1978 White1985Whiteley1985Whiteley1986Whiteley1988 Whittlesey2000Wibberly1979v Wieder1992tYWiessner1997Z Wilcox1979 Wilcox1981 Wilcox1981[ Wilcox1984 Wilcox1988 Wilcox1989 Wilcox1994\ Wilcox1995 Wilcox2001 Wilcox2001w Wilcox2002 Wilcoxn.d. Wild1986 Wilde1958Wildesen1982 Wilding1983; Wilkinson1989] Willer1973] Willer1973 Willey1960 Willey19677^ Willey1971_ Willey1993Williams19622<Williams1994@Williams1997=Williams1997j Willms19977k Willms20000 Wills1988` Wills1988a Wills1989 Wills1991b Wills1992 Wills1993 Wills1994c Wills1994 Wills1996> Wills1996 Wills2000 Willsn.d.F Wilshusen1990 Wilshusen1993 Wilshusen1999 Wilson19800d Wilson1988 Wilson1988 Wilson19949 Wilson19966a Windes1989e Windes1991 Windes1996 Wingard1996 Wingfield1952f Winterhalder1994< Winters1960 Witty1982g Wobst1974h Wolf1982i Wolf1994? Wolff1986 Wolpoff1993 Wood1978 Wood1985 Wood19879 Wood1987 Wood1998 Wood2000 Wood2001 Wood2001 Woodn.d..jWoodbury1979Woodford1968 Woodman1992k Woods1965 Woods1975 Woods1977 Woods1983# Woosley1986 Woosley1996l Wright1972m Wright1977@ Wright1991! Wrigley1996n Wylie1985o Wylie1992 Yaalon1971 Yaalon1971 Yaalon1975A Yap1988p Yarnell1985j Yeatts19979B Yentsch1990C Yentsch1991q Yoffee1993 Yost19851 Young1996D Young1999U Young2000x Young2001 Z.19949{ Zea1992 Zedeno19961 Zeuner1950 Zhou2000 Zier19808 Zimmerman1994 Zingg1935j Zubrow19797 Zubrow1990Zuurdeeg19892000̴ Wanogho1985 Wanogho1989 Warne1998 Warner1975' Warren1970̡ Waters19688& Waters19900 Waters1990̷ Waters1992̸ Waters1996 Watson1982O Watson1983P Watson1984Q Watson1995Watson-Stegner1990S Wattez19919 Webster1971 Webster1978R Webster1980 Weide1966 Weigand1982/ Weil19966@ Weir1976S Weiseheimer1917 Wells2000 Wells2002 Wells2002 Wells2002 Wells2003 Wells2003 Wellsn.d. Welsh1996 Wesler19838 West1964 Weston1995̤ Whalen1993 Whalen1994 Whalen1996T Whalen1996 Whalen2001 Whalen2001UWhalenin pressVWheatley1996 Wheeler1947 Wheelersburg1994W White1952X White1955 White1978 White1985Whiteley1985Whiteley1986Whiteley1988̭Wibberly1979v Wieder1992tYWiessner1997Z Wilcox1979 Wilcox1981 Wilcox1981[ Wilcox1984 Wilcox1988 Wilcox1989 Wilcox1994\ Wilcox1995 Wild1986 Wilde1958Wildesen1982 Wilding1983] Willer1973] Willer1973 Willey1960 Willey19677^ Willey1971_ Willey1993Williams19622@Williams1997j Willms19977k Willms20000 Wills1988` Wills1988a Wills1989 Wills1991b Wills1992 Wills1993 Wills1994c Wills1994 Wills1996 Wills2000 Willsn.d.F Wilshusen1990 Wilshusen1993 Wilshusen1999d Wilson1988 Wilson19949 Wilson19966a Windes1989e Windes1991 Windes1996 Wingard1996f Winterhalder1994< Winters1960 Witty1982g Wobst1974h Wolf1982i Wolf1994 Wolpoff1993 Wood1978  Wood19879 Wood2000jWoodbury1979̡Woodford1968 Woodman1992k Woods1965 Woods1975 Woods1977 Woods1983# Woosley1986 Woosley1996l Wright1972m Wright1977! Wrigley1996n Wylie1985o Wylie1992 Yaalon1971 Yaalon1971 Yaalon1975p Yarnell1985j Yeatts19979q Yoffee1993̣ Yost19851U Young2000 Z.19949{ Zea1992 Zedeno19961 Zeuner1950 Zhou2000 Zimmerman1994 Zingg1935j Zubrow19797 Zubrow1990Zuurdeeg1989B!O#KM$PNQS WYZ%+)a' [(*,\RF5i-ef]VkbL_cdlpgqrstu031whvxyn{~}687;:=<A@?DGIJ Authors Journals CKeywords^|                                ^ E ? Abbott, A. L.Abbott, AlysiaAbbott, David R. Abbott, EllenAbrahams, Peter W.Aburto, SergioAcheson, James M.Achim, Douglas V.Adams, E Charles<6Adams, E Charles, Miriam T. Stark, and Deborah S. Dosh Adams, E. C.Adams, E. CharlesAdams, Eleanor B. Adams, R. N.Adams, Richard E. W. Adams, S.J.Adams, William HamptonAdamson, D. A.Adan-Bayewitz, David Adler, M. Adler, M. A.Adler, MichaelAdler, Michael A.Adovasio, J. M.Agrinier, Pierre Ahler, S. A.Ahlrichs, J. L.Ahlstrom, R.V.N.Ahlstrom, Richard V. N.82Ahlstrom, Richard, Jeffrey Dean, and Carla VanWest85Ahlstrom, Richard, Jeffrey Dean, and William RobinsonAitken, Barbara al., etAlbert, Lois E.Albritton, C. C.Alcorn, Janis B.Aldenderfer, Mark Alef, KassamAlexander, AmberAlexander, Lyle T.Allen, J. R. L.Allen, K. M. S.Allen, Kathleen M. S.Allen, Susan HeuckAllen, Susan J.Allison, JamesAllison, James A.Alloway, B. J. Altieri, M.Altschul, Jeffrey H.Alvarez, CarlosAmbler, J. RichardAmbos, Elizabeth Amorosi, T.Amundson, RonaldAndelson, J.G.Anderson, Duane C.Anderson, J. P. E.Anderson, Patricia KAnderson, William P.Andrade, AngelaAndrews, E. Wyllys V. AnonymousAnthony, DavidAnthropology, Museum of Antoci, P. R. Anyon, Roger@=Anyon, Roger, T.J. Ferguson, Loretta Jackson, and Lillie LaneAranson, J. T. Ardren, Trad Arendt, E. AristotleArmillas, PedroArnason, J. T.Arnauld, Charlotte M.Arnauld, M. CjarlotteArnold, Dean E.$ Arnold, Dean E. and Marc Bermann Arnold, J.E.Arnold, Philip J. IIIArnold, PhilipJ. IIIArnold, Phillip J. Arnon, Nancy S. and W.W. Hill Aronoff, StanAronson, MeredithAronson, Meridith Arrhenius, O.Arroyo, Barbara L.Artz, Joe AlanAschenbrenner, Stanley E.Ascher, Robert82Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin$associates, Harry J. Karns andASUAtley, Suzanne P. DeAttas, Michael Axtell, JamesAyala, Francisco J. AZSITE Baacho, DavidBaeudry, Mary C. Bahn, Paul G. Bahr, D. M. Bahri, A.Baker, Jeffrey L.Bakkevig, SverreBaldwin, Sturart J.@;Balkansky, Andrew K., Gary M. Feinman and Linda M. NicholasBall, Bruce B.Ball, Joseph W.$ Balla, M.; Zsidi, P.; Balazs, L. Bamforth, D.Bandelier, Adolph F.Bankes, George Barba, Luis Barber, J.Barbetti, Mike Barham, A. J.Barham, Anthony J.Barka, Norman F. Barker, H. Barkla, R. Barley, K. P.Barlow, Jon C.Barlow, RobertBarnett, William K.Barrett, David Barron, B. Barter, E.R. Barth, F.Bartlett, JamesBartlett, John RussellBarton, C. MichaelBasile, Robert M. Bates, C. R. Bates, M. R. Bates, T. E.Batten, James W. Bauder, J. W.(%Baugh, Timothy and Fred W. Nelson Jr.Baugh, Timothy G.(#Baugh, Timothy G. and Frank W. Eddy($Baugh, Timothy G., and Frank W. Eddy,)Baugh, Timothy G., and Fred W. Nelson Jr.Baugh, Timothy J.Baumhoff, Martin A.Bayard, Donn T. Bayman, J. M.Bayman, James A.Bayman, James M.Beach, Timothy Beale, T. W.Beale, Thomas W.Beaudoin, A. B.Beaudry, Marilyn P.4/Beaudry-Corbett, Marilyn, and John S. HendersonBechtel, Robert B.Beck, Charlotte Beckett, P.Beckett, P. H. T.Beckett, Patrick H.#$NNQSWW%+++))\W RP-AaaaRRF5ii--eBBO###$$$$QQQQWWWWWYYZZ%%%)'' *,,\\Riiii]t333333xn{{{}67==<GBBB  ? (Manuscript)<629th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology5561 Academy of Management Journal4.Addison-Wesley Modular Publications, Module 30("Advance of X-ray Chemical AnalysisAdvancement of ScienceAdvances in Agronomy0,Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory African Archaeological Review,'Agriculture, Ecosystems and EnvironmentAmercian AntiquityAmerican AnthropologistAmerican AntiquityAmerican Antiquity?American ArchaeologyAmerican Ethnologist American Historical Review$American Journal of Archaeology,)American Journal of Physical Anthropology American Journal of ScienceAmerican LaboratoryAnales de Antropologa<8Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e HistoriaAnatolian Studies Ancient IndiaAncient MesoamericaD>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Annual Review of Anthropology,(Annual Review of Ecology and SystematicsD?Anthopological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History AnthroposAnthropozoologica AntiquityAntropologa y TcnicaAntropolgicas Anual Review of AnthropologyArchaeological Journal Archaeological ProspectionArchaeology in Montana($Archaeology of Eastern North America ArchaeometryArizona CattlelogArizona Historical Review Arqueologia Arqueologa Arqueologa. Primera EpocaAsian Perspectives$ASP Contribution Series No. 16$!Australian Historical Archaeology0,Australian Journal of Agricultural Resources0,Australian Journal of Historical ArchaeologyHBBerichten van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek40Boletn del Museo del Oro, Banco de la Repblica@=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR)40Bulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society$ Cambridge Archaeological Journal$ Canadian Journal of Soil Science(%Canadian Society for Forensic Science Catena$!Ceramica de Cultura de Maya et al$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et alBBBBBB!!!!OOOO######KKMMM$$$$PNNNNNNNQQQSSS WWWWWWWYZZZZZZZ%%%++++)))))aaaaaa'''''''''''' ((((((((***********,,,,,,,\\\\\RRRR55555555i--eeeeeeeeeeefffffffff]]0333333311111wwwwwwhhhhh jEstrada Belli, Franciscoet al Evans, S. T.Evans, Susan T.Evershed, R. P.Evershed, R. R.Ezzo, Joseph A.Fanning, Delvin SeymourFarley, James A. Farmer, M. D.Farmer, Malcolm F.Farrand, W. R.Farrand, William R. Farrell, P.Fay, George E.Feathers, James K. Fedick, ScottFedick, Scott L. Fedoroff, N.Feeley, Barbara Feeley, JohnFeinman, G. M. Feinman, GaryFeinman, Gary M.Feldman, William M.Fenner, Gloria J.Ferguson, LelandFerguson, T. J.Fergusson, T. J.Fernandez-Ruiz, R. Fernndez Mendiola, Sara E.Fernndez, FabianFernstrom, KatharineFerring, C. Reid Ferring, C.R.Fewkes, Jesse Walter Fieg, Burit Fiero, D. C.Fiero, Donald C.$!Finsten, Laura, and John R. Topic Fish, P.R. Fish, Paul R. Fish, S. K.Fish, Suzanne K.Fitzgerald, W. R.Fitzgerald, Wiiliam R.Fitzpatrick, E. A.Flanagan, J. G.Flannery, K. V.Flannery, Kent V.,)Flint, Richard, and Shirley Cushing FlintTNFlint, Richard, Shirley Cushing Flint, Carroll L. Riley, and Joseph P. SanchezFlorance, Charles A.Foias, Antonia E Foley, R.Follmer, Leon R. Foncerrada de Molina, MartaFontana, B. L.Fontana, Bernard L.Fontana, Dominic Fontana, V. Ford, Anabel Ford, D. Ford, J. A.Ford, James A. Ford, R. I.Ford, Richard I. Forde, C. D.Forsyth, Donald W. Foss, J. E. Foss, John E.Foster, John W.Foster, Michael S.Foth, Henry D.Fournier, PatriciaFoust, Richard D., Jr. Fowler, A. P. Fowler, D. D.Fowler, Melvin L.Fox, Richard A. Fralick, P.Franco, Jos Luis("Frank, Larry and Francis H. HarlowFrankel, DavidFranklin, U. M.Franz, SchinnerFrayer, David W.Freestone, I. C.Freestone, I.C.Freidel, David A.French, C. A. I.Freter, AnnCorinne Friedman, J.Frierman, J. D.Frierman, Jay D.Frink, Douglas S. Fujita, Y. Gaffney, C.Galbraith, JaneGalvan, Madrid, J. L.Ganot, R. JamieGarber, James F.Garcia-Heras, M.Garci, Ricardo LenGarca Cook, AngelGarca Payn, JosGarca Snchez, SoledadGardiner, M. J.Gardner, George D.Garraty, Chrostopher P. Garrett, E.Garrison, Ervan G. Gasche, H. Gasser, R. E.Gatus, Thomas W.Gauthier, Rory P. Gaxiola Gonzlez, Margarita Gay, F.W. Gebauer, A.Gebauer, A. B. Gee, G. W. Geib, Phil R. Genova, NGerald, Rex E.Gerharz, R. R.Germick, Stephen Gero, J. Gero, J. M. Gero, Joan M.Gerrard, A. J. Gettinby, G. Gibson, AlexGibson, J. SullivanGifford, D. P.Gifford, J. A.Gifford, James C.Gifford, John A.Gikandi, Simon Gilead, IsaacGilluly, JamesGilman, Patricia A.Girmendonk, Adele L. Gisiger, AnneGiten, SermourGittins, GayleGladfelter, Bruce G.Gladwin, Harold SterlingGlascock, M. D.Glascock, MichaelGlascock, Michael DGlascock, Michael D.Glass, Margaret F. Goad, L. J. Goetze, C.E. Goffer, Zvi Goldberg, P.Goldberg, PaulGolden, CharlesGoldschmidt, WalterGonzalez, LeticiaGoodchild, M. F.Goodchild, Michael F.Goodell, Philip C.Goodway, MarthaGoodyear, A. C.Goodyear, Albert C.Gopalaratnam, V. S.Gordon, Claire C. Goren, YuvalGorenflo, Larry J.$ Gorenstein, M.S. Foster and P.C.Goring, C. A. I.Goring, Elizabeth Gosden, ChrisGosselain, Oliver P.Goudie, Andrew Gould, R. A.Gould, Stephen Jay Grabau, A. W.Graham, Elizabeth Graham, I.Graham, Martha Graham, R. C. GramsciGraves, Michael W. Graves, Peter Graves, W. J.Graves, William M.Graybill, D. A.Graybill, Donald A.Grayson, D. K.Grayson, Donald K.Green, C. J. S. Green, S. W.Greenleaf, J. CameronGreenough, J. D. Gregg, S.A. qmphRappaport, Roy A.i 1968JDPigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People  New Havenf Yale University PressrRappaport, R. A. 19714-The Flow of Energy in an Agricultural SocietyScience 2253116-132Agriculture was "invented" by man, and has enabled him to progress beyond bare hunting and gathering subsistence to a form of subsistence which placed him on the road leading to complex social systems. Swidden (or slash-and-burn) agriculture specifically allowed humans to expand into the previously unoccupied humid tropics regions of the world. This form of agriculture, as examined in the Tsembaga society of New Guinea, provides energy return rates on the order of sixteen-to-one, and ecologically less disruptive than modern agricultural techniques. By also engaging in swine husbandry, the Tsembaga exemplify the ability to store excess agricultural products into an emergency food source. Compared to modern agriculture, which is based on monocrop systems, swidden agriculture, using a Diversity of crops, is ecologically less fragile, and is more rapidly self-correcting: the swidden agriculturalist is more autonomous, and less subject to local environmental stress. The eradication of this type of agriculture by the modern world system is essentially ecological imperialism, reducing the Diversity of species upon which the human species depends, and may well be maladaptive in the long run.&anthropology agriculture modelsdRattray, Evelyn C. 1966D=An Archaeological and Stylistic Study of Coyotlatelco PotterylMesoamerican Notes 7-8 87-211Rattray, Evelyn Childs 1977("Seriacin de Cermica TeotihuacanaAnales de Antropologa Mxico, Mxico ZTInstituto de Investigaciones Antropolgicas, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico XIV 35-48 mesoamerica`Zarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/thin orange/mexico* - xerox copypRattray, Evelyn Childs 1978F?Los Contactos Teotihuacan-Maya Vistos desde el Centro de MxicorAnales de Antropologa Mxico, Mxico ZTInstituto de Investigaciones Antropolgicas, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de MxicoXV 33-52 mesoamericayarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/trade/maya/politics/east/south/thin orange/mexico* - xerox copyoRattray, Evelyn Childs 1979B7Interpretacines Culturales de La Ventilla, TeotihuacanbAnales de Antropologa Mxico, Mxico ZTInstituto de Investigaciones Antropolgicas, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico XVII105-114S mesoamericapiarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/trade/politics/thin orange/mexico* - xerox copyoRattray, Evelyn Childs 1989VPEl Barrio de los Comerciantes y el Conjunto Tlamimilolpa: Un Estudio Comparativo rUDireccin de Monumentos Prehispanicos (Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia)  Arqueologa5, Primera Epoca105-129 mesoamericaarchaeology/central/ceramics/mexico/prehispanic/classic/social structure/teotihuacan/politics/gulf/maya/architecture/chronology/economics/gulfRattray, Evelyn C. 1996HAA Regional Perspective on the Epiclassic Period in Central Mexico Alba Guadalupe Mastachee<6Arcqueologia Mesoamericana: Homenaje a William Sanders  Mexico City INAH213-231Rattray, Evelyn C. 2001<6Teotihuacan: Ceramics, Chronology, and Cultural Trends  Pittsburgf TMInstituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia and the University of PittsburgRautman, Alsion  1993rlResource Variability, Risk, and the Structure of Social Networks: An Example from the Prehistoric SouthwestAmerican Antiquity583E403-424bRautman, Alison E. 1998ZSHierarchy and Heterarchy in the American Southwest: A Comment on McGuire and SaittaAmerican Antiquity63325-333r leadershipleadership PuebloanM~x~DqCBpAdon(& Wylie, A.  1985 8The Reaction Against Analogy  ,Schiffer, M. B. H,Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory  $New York  *Academic Press 8  "63-111 x[She keeps on saying that analaogy causes "injury" to archaeology, but she says that analogy is not ready to be thrown away. She sees new archaeology as accepting analogy as a means of hypothesis creation, but not as a means of hypothesis evaluation. She, for some reason, thinks that the new archaeology can be characterized by the HD model, which she describes as concerned only with hypothesis confirmation, and since deduction and confirmation (of not all cases) is inductive, it is inferential, and therefore is a type of analogical reasoning. BUT, the new archaeology can be characterized by its concern for falsifying hypotheses. She somehow fails to mention this. Later, Dunnell, Gould, and others see analogy as inappropriate even for hypothesis creation. Her conclusion is that analogy should be based on firmer ground. (Repeat of Ascher 1961)i .archaeology theory  Wylie, Alison 1992pjThe Interplay of Evidential Constraints and Political Interests: Recent Archaeological Research on GenderAmerican Antiquity57 15-35tYaalon, Dan H. 1971.(Soil-forming Processes in Time and Space  D. H. Yaalon Paleopedology1  Jerusaleml University of Israel Press 29-40 Yaalon, Dan H. 1971 PaleopedologyP  Jerusaleme University of Israel PressYaalon, Dan H. 1975NGConceptual Models in Pedogenesis: Can Soil-forming Functions Be Solved?Geoderma14189-205 C. T. Yap 1988A Quantitative Spectrometric Analysis of Trace Concentrations of Manganese and Cobalt in Ceramics and the Significance of As/Co and Mn/Co Ratios(!Journal of Archaeological Science 15173-177e Yarnell, R. 1985HBReview of The Origins of Agriculture: An Evolutionary PerspectiveAmerican Antiquity50698-699sintentionality@9Objects to Rindos' model because it lacks intentionality. Anne Yentsch 1990\UMinimum Vessel Lists as Evidence of Change in Folk and Courtly Traditions of Food UseHistorical Archaeology243 24-53 Anne Yentsch 1991RLEngendering Visible and Invisble Ceramic Artifacts, Especially Dairy VesselsHistorical Archaeology254132-155l Yoffee, N. 19932+Too many Chiefs (or Safe Texts for the 90s) Yoffee, N. Sherratt, A.2,Archaeological Theory: Who Sets the Agenda?  Cambridge Cambridge University Press 60-74 Lisa C. Young Tammy Stone 1999HBThe Thermal Properties of Textured Ceramics: An Experimental Study"Journal of Field Archaeology172t195-203lYoung, Robert J. C. 20012+Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction\ Oxford Blackwell Publishers Zeuner, F. E.d 1950Archaeology and Geologya.'Southeastern Naturalist and Antiquariane55 5-16<6Zhou, Chunlin Liu, Zechun Wang, Yongjin Huang, Qiaohua 2000`ZClimatic Cycles Investigated by Sediment Analysis in Peking Man's Cave, Zhoukoudian, China(!Journal of Archaeological Science272101-109hRLZimmerman, Larry J. Bradley, Lawrence E. Fox, Richard A. Molyneaux, Brian L. 19942+Response to the Geomorphological Guidelines4-The Journal of the Iowa Archeological Societyo41 1-3oLEZuurdeeg, B. W. Coenegracht, Y. M. A. van der Wal, J. Reynders, J. J. 1989b[Geochemical Investigation of the Late Neolithic Well of Kolhorn (Province of Noord-Holland)sPalaeohistoria31177-190~}p[0-D|{zyxb:3Lambert, J. D. H. Siemens, Alfred H. Arnason, J. T.  1984vpAncient Maya Drained Field Agriculture: Its Possible Application Today in the New River Floodplain, Belize, C.A..'Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environmentj11 67-84 LaMotten 1994LaMotte Soil Handbookd Chestertown, MD\ LaMotte CompanyeGerald K. Landreth 1983@:Gusset: Stoneware: White Salt-Glazed, Rhenish and Dry BodyHistorical Archaeology171e107-108Keith Landreth 1990^WSchmeer: Pottery of the Williamette, A History of the Oregon Pottery Company, 1866-18968Historical Archaeology243125-1260.(Juan Pedro Laporte Maria Josefa Iglesias 1992>7Unidades Ceramicas de la Fase Manik 3, Tikal, Guatemala $Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al16 69-101LEJuan Pedro Laporte Bernard Hermes Lilian de Zea Maria Josefa Iglesias 1992D>Nuevos Entierros y Escondites de Tikal: Subfases Manik 3a y 3b$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al16 30-68 Nancy Lapp 19852,The Stratum V Pottery from Balatah (Shechem)D=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) 257 19-44LaRoque, Kent A. 2004The 1934 Indian Reorganization Act and Indigenous Governance: A Comparison of Governance of Santa Clara Pueblo and the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Nations - 1991-20009Political Science Blacksburg, VA &Virginia Polytechnic UniversityUnpublished M.A. ThesisoLarsen, Curtis E.n 1985JDGeoarchaeological Interpretation of Great Lakes Coastal Environments J. K. Stein W. R. Farrand\*#Archaeological Sediments in Contextg  Orono ^XCenter for the Study of Early Man, Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine91 -110-\ULarson, Daniel O. Neff, Hector Graybill, Donald A. Michaelsen, Joel Ambos, Elizabeth 1996hbRisk, Climatic Variability, and the Study of Southwestern Prehistory: An Evolutionary PerspectiveAmerican Antiquity612iLatas, Timothy W.a 1992D>An Analysis of Fire-Cracked Rock: A Sedimentological Approach Stein, Julie K. Deciphering a Shell Midden New York Academic Press211-237e"geoarchaeology lithic studycMartha A. Latta 1987Iriquoian StemwareAmerican Antiquity524717-724Martha A. Latta 1990<5The Stem of the Matter: Reply to Ramsden & FitzgeraldAmerican Antiquity551162-165Laville, Henri 1976ZTDeposits in Calcareous Rock Shelters: Analytical Methods and Climatic Interpretation $D. A. Davidson M. L. Shackley0)Geoarchaeoogy: Earth Science and the Pasth London  Duckworthi137-155:3Laville, Henri Riguad, Jean-Phillipe Sackett, James 1980ZSRockshelters of the Perigord: Geological Stratigraphy and Archaeological Successiona New York Academic PressHBLawson, T. Hopkins, D. W. Chudek, J. A. Janaway, R. C. Bell, M. G. 2000ztThe Experimental Earthwork at Wareham, Dorset After 33 Years: 3. Interaction of Soil Organisms with Buried Materials(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencei274 273-285Leaf, Anne Gatewoodt 1972$Experiments in Soil Chemistrya Broyles, Bettye J.NGProceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Southeastern Archaeological Conference Morgantown, WV ,&Southeastern Archaeological Conference 67-77Bulletin No. 15@Kelley, J. Charles 1985.'The Chronology of Chalchihuites Culturel81The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mesoamerica Unknown269-287a Westview Press Boulder Chalchihuites culture has two defined branches: Guadiana (Durango) and Suchil (Zacatecas). The Guadiana branch has radiocarbon dates from two sites; it is probably equivalent to Post-Classic. There about 30 accepted radiocarbon dates for the Suchil branch, mostly from Alta Vista, which place the site in the Middle and Late Classic periods. There are 19 dates from Alta Vista on construction timbers with three peaks: around A.D. 470 to 590, 665 to 770, and 815 to 855. These are taken to represent three building phases. The earliest Ayala phase (of the Guadiana branch) is around A.D. 875 to 900, which disagrees with the Schroeder site dates, which fall in the range of A.D. 600 to 800. Overall, Kelley is unaccepting for all Guadiana branch dates, and advocates relying on "archaeological evidence", which is basically ceramic cross-dating. The Ayala phase was roughly confined to the Guadiana Valley, until late in the phase. The Las Joyas phase was a time of building and ceramic production (950 to 1150 in Kelley's proposed chronology). In the following Rio Tunal and Calera phases there was less building activity at the Schroeder site, but there is a wider distribution of ceramics for the two phases. Kelley suggests that the final phase (Molino?) of the Guadiana branch ends at about A.D 1400. Kelley's proposed chronology for the Guadiana branch: Loma San Gabriel - Tepehuan A.D. 1400 + Molino 1350 - 1400 + Calera 1250 - 1350 Rio Tunal 1150 - 1250 Las Joyas 950 - 1150 Ayala 875 - 950 Loma San Gabriel Culture ? < 875 This paper is not an overview of Chalchihuites being confined to chronology, and presupposes reader familiarity with Chalchihuites culture. Rejecting all of the carbon dates from the Schroeder site for vague reasons is unsettling. He does say the charcoal comes from deposits with mixed ceramic assemblages but could be more informative on this point. See Doolittle (1987) in The Kiva 52(2):154-160 for a review of this book.archaeology Mexicohhh6666688887777;;::::=<<<<AAA@???????DDGGGIJJ BBBB!OOOOOOOOOOO###<<<AAAAA@?DDDDGGGGIIJ BBBBBBBBBBBB!OOOOOO#O####MMMMMMMMM$$$$PPPPPPPPPNNNNQQQQQQSSSSSS YYYYYYZZZZZZZZZ%%%%+++++aa'''''''  U337 abandonment adaptation aggregation agricultureagriculture, early Amazon, ceramic technology analysis AnasaziAncient MesoamericaAncient MesomamericaAnicent Mesomamerica Animas anthropology anthrosols0,anthrosols, soils, sediments, soil chemistry Apache($Archaeological surveying New Mexico.archaeological theory archaeologyArchaeology Methodology.lharchaeology/art/ceramics/classic/iconography/oaxaca/prehispanic/sculpture/south/monte alban/scroll styleXSarchaeology/central/ceramics/chronology/ethnohistory/postclassic/prehispanic/pueblalfarchaeology/central/ceramics/mexico/oaxaca/prehispanic/classic/chronology/social structure/teotihuacanarchaeology/central/ceramics/mexico/prehispanic/classic/social structure/teotihuacan/politics/gulf/maya/architecture/chronology/economics/gulf`Zarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/thin orange/mexico|yarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/trade/maya/politics/east/south/thin orange/mexicoxuarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/trade/oaxaca/maya/politics/thin orange/mexicoarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/trade/politics/production/distribution/thin orange/mexicoliarchaeology/ceramics/central/chronology/prehispanic/classic/teotihuacan/trade/politics/thin orange/mexico`\archaeology/ceramics/central/economics/chronology/hidalgo/postclassic/prehispanic/trade/tulaXTarchaeology/ceramics/chiapas/formative/guatemala/gulf/ interaction/mesoamerica/olmecPMarchaeology/ceramics/mixtec/oaxaca/prehispanic/south/sculpture/settlement/art architecture atalayaaztecbajo ball courts behavior biology burial campeche catchment centralLHcentral/ceramics/colonial/economics/ethnohistory/mexico city/mesoamericaceramic analysis$ceramic production, interaction ceramic production, Southwest41ceramic seriation, typology, quantitative methodsceramic technology ceramic technology, ceramicsD>ceramic technology, firing, production steps, cultural ecology ceramics$ ceramics, compositional analysisHEceramics, figurines, compositional analysis, Ozark highlands, Cahokia(%ceramics, gender, Mimbres, New Mexico41ceramics, method and theory, quantitative methods85ceramics, slip analysis, Woodland, south central Ohio84ceramics, southeast Missouri, compositional analysisCernCerro de MoctezumaChaco Chaco Canyon Chaco general chichen-itza chiefdoms Chihuahua cholula chronologychronology, ceramics chupicuaro classicclassification climate cognition colonial communicationcomplex adaptive systemscomplex societies complexity$ compositional analysis, ceramics conflict contact($Correlating Vessel Form and Functioncost-surface analysis!gfFedvc*bxarFt`2vE_^E]D\CPhilip G. Chase 1985b[Whole Vessels and Sherds: An Experimental Investigation of Their Quantitative Relationships"Journal of Field Archaeology122213-218a Chaya, H. J. 19964-Studies of Soils from an Aleutian Island Site\ Orna, Mary VirginiaALFArchaeological Chemistry: Organic, Inorganic, and Biochemical Analysis Washington, DC American Chemical Society"ACS Symposium Series No. 625 Cheal, David 1993F@Changing Household Financial Strategies: Canadian Couples Today212197-214Ecologya kinship *$Chen, T.; Rapp, G.; Jing, Z.; He, N. 1999pi Provenance Studies of the Earliest Chinese Protoporcelain Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencee268 1003-10166& Cherkinsky, A. E. Brovkin, V. A. 1993& Dynamics of Radiocarbon in Soils Radiocarbon353s363-367r:Cherry, John F. Renfrew, Colin  1986 2Epilogue and Prospectr  :Renfrew, Colin Cherry, John F. N2Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change  & Cambridge  6Cambridge University Press $149-158 *#Chichagova, O. A. Cherkinsky, A. E. 1993.'Problems in Radiocarbon Dating of Soilsc Radiocarbon3536351-362oChilde, V. Gordon 1951Man Makes Himselfe New York New American Library 191s pbks>8Society Archaeology cultural evolution human originsChristopher Chippindale 1989jd"Social Archaeology" in the Nineteenth Century: Is It Right to Look for Modern Ideas in Old Places? A. L. Christenson Tracing Archaeology's Past 21-33 ,&methodology archaeology theory history$Chisholm, Brian Matson, R. G.. 1994VPCarbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Evidence on Basketmaker II Diet at Cedar Mesa, Utah Kiva602b239-2552,stable isotopes SW early agriculture AnasaziA. Christenson 1994JDA Test of Mean Ceramic Dating Using Well-Dated Kayenta Anasazi Sites Kiva59297-317e  Christenson, Alexander F.. 2004JDHistory, Myth, and Migration in Mesoamerica - Unpublished Manuscript>7Church, Michael, Ann F. Ramenofsky and Jeremy Kulisheckr 2005piEarly Colonial Period Pueblo Population Change in New Mexico: The Aggregated and Small Settlement RecordsD=70th Annual Conference of the Society of American Archaeology Salt Lake City, UTCiudad Ruiz, Andres 198860Desarrollo Ceramico en el Alto Samala, Guatamala$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al15 93-130 Clark, G. A. 1993*$Paradigms in Science and Archaeology("Journal of Archaeological Research1f203-234: Clark, F. E. Paul, E. A. 1996("Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry New York Academic Press:3Clark, Jeffrey T., Peter Sheppard, and Martin Jones 1997F?Late ceramics in Samoa: a test using hydration-rim measurements7Current anthropology385898-904g,%Samoa, quantitative methods, ceramicsiClark, Jeffrey J. 2001TNTracking Prehistoric Migrations: Pueblo Settlers among the Tonto Basin Hohokam:3Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizonaz Tucson "University of Arizona Press65 D. L. Clarke 1968Analytical Archaeology London Methuen0)archaeological theory archaeology historyrClendinnen, Inga 1985*$The Cost of Courage in Aztec SocietyPast and Present 107m 44-89a Clune, DorrisA 1960:3Textiles and Matting From Waterfall Cave, ChihuahuaAmerican Antiquity262e274-277uarchaeology MexicoR5Cobean, R. Coe, M. Perry, E. Turekian, K. Kharkar, D.  1971 N2Obsidian Trade at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, Mexico $ScienceP  174r $666-671 4-Cobean, Robert H. Mastache F., Alba Guadalupem 1987@:Cermica Importada en Tula, Hidalgo: Un Informe Preliminar \UDireccin de Monumentos Prehispanicos (Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia)j Arqueologaa1e 89-132 mesoamericab\archaeology/ceramics/central/economics/chronology/hidalgo/postclassic/prehispanic/trade/tula>8Cogswell, James W., Hector Neff, and Michael D. Glascock 1998XRAnalysis of shell-tempered pottery replicates: implications for provenance studiesAmerican Antiquity631  63-72tceramic technology Cohen, M. N. 1977$The Food Crisis in Prehistory  New Haven Yale University Press  341r hbk Cohn, Bernard S. 1962,&An Anthropologist Among the HistoriansSouth Atlantic Quarterly61 12-28 ethnohistoryCohn, Bernard S. 1968 Ethnohistory ethnohistoryColee, Philip S. 1971.(Rio Abajo Population Movments: 1670-1750 Ethnohistory184h353-360d81Collier, Peter Fontana, Dominic Pearson, Alastair 1996\VGIS Mapping of Langstone Harbour for an Integrated Ecological and Archaeological StudyThe Cartographic Journal32137-142oarchaeology ecology GISsCollins, Michael B.t 1971:4A Review of Llano Estacado Archaeology and EthnologyPlains Anthropologist1652 85-1042~N}!$1v& jj4Goodchild, Michael F.i 1996PJGeographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis in the Social Sciences 0)Aldenderfer, Mark Maschner, Herbert D. G.n<6Anthropology, Space and Geographic Information Systems Oxford Oxford University Pressi241-250@:Goodchild, M. F. Burrough, P. A. McDonnell, R. Switzer, P. Spatial Information Series.(anthropology GIS spatial analysis theoryGoodyear, A. C. 1989leAn Hypothesis on the Use of Cryptocrystalline Raw Materials among Paleoindian Groups of North America Ellis, C. Lothrop, J..'Eastern Paleoindian Lithic Resource Use Boulder Westview 1-9e<6Goodyear, Albert C. Foss, John E. Sassaman, Kenneth E. 1997^WProceedings of the Second International Conference on Pedo-Archaeology: April 6-9, 1994r Anthropological Studies 10  Columbia, SC \VUniversity of South Carolina, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology*#Gordon, Claire C. Buikstra, Jane E. 1981HASoil, pH , Bone Preservation, and Sampling Bias at Mortuary SitesaAmerican Antiquity463u566-571o>"Gorenflo, Larry J. Bell, Thomas L.  1991 XAlternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest Tucson "University of Arizona Press 45-59 leadershipleadership Rio GrandeGraves, William M. 2002TNPower, Autonomy, and Inequality in Rio Grande Puebloan Society, A.D. 1300-1672 Department of Anthropology Arizona State University"Unpublished PhD Dissertation5 4, J. Charles 1952XRFactors Involved in the Abandonment of Certain Peripheral Southwestern SettlementsAmerican Antiquity543356-387oThe subject of this paper is abandonment at such sites as Mesa Verde and Chaco Canyon. The stock explanations are Athapaskan raidKelley, J. Charles 1951NGA Bravo Valley Aspect Component of the Lower Rio Conchos Valley, MexicoCAmerican Antiquity172n114-119c81The site of Loma Seca is one Km south of the Rio Conchos near Ojinaga. This site is about 65 by 95 m and consists of surface scatter and a midden of FCR and charcoal on a deflated landscape. Other smaller FCR mounds, and sherd and adobe concentrations, are common among these mounds, indicating house pits. An open area down the centre of the site may be a plaza. Artifacts include: end-notched pebbles, diverse sherds including El Paso and Babicora polychrome, a Perdiz point, and one twelve row corn cob. A clay-lined house pit underlays one midden. The house was about 3 x 3 m with slightly convex walls in profile. The floor had postholes up to 30 cm in diameter. The floor was covered with charred reeds and saplings from jacal walls and a roof. There was an adobe block "altar" along the south wall with a plastered fire pit in front of it. This site is part of the La Junta focus of the Bravo Valley aspect. Typologically the site falls in the range of A.D. 1200 to 1400. He suggests that "climatic deterioration" may have led to abandonment of the site.archaeology MexicoKelley, J. Charles 1952XRFactors Involved in the Abandonment of Certain Peripheral Southwestern SettlementsAmerican Antiquity543356-387oThe subject of this paper is abandonment at such sites as Mesa Verde and Chaco Canyon. The stock explanations are Athapaskan raiders, field erosion, epidemics, and civil war. Around A.D. 1400 there was a sudden abandonment of pueblo sites on the Southern periphery. This paper focuses on abandonment in the southern periphery which he defines as following the Rio Grande and Rio Conchos basically. There is an extensive review of climatic data. The first ceramic occupation in the Rio Grande Valley is the Mesilla phase. Lehmer defined it as a mix of Anasazi and Mogollon origins. Casas Grandes sites comprise the Chihuahuan culture. Farming cultures in the Rio Grande and in Chihuahua generally, reached their greatest extent between A.D. 1100 and 1400, before general abandonment. (It is interesting that he does not have DiPeso's chronology to misdirect him; these estimates are close to current prevailing opinion). Brand attributes the fall of Chihuahuan culture to Athapaskan raiders. Kelley seems ambivalent about this idea and more interested in environmental/ecological factors. Climate change is identified as the primary cause for abandonment. By the contact period all that remained were dispersed rancheria populations (La Junta people) living in fear of the Apache. With the arrival of the Spaniards many of these people reportedly were willing to take sanctuary in their mission-towns. But, Kelley is suspicious of the accounts this interpretation is based on stating there is actually little documented evidence of Apache hostility. There is considerably more evidence for friendly trade in the Spanish towns involving Apaches. This brings Kelley back to environmental explanations for abandoning rancheria settlements to concentrate in Spanish communities. Kelley does consider the possibility that concentration into larger groups forced the Apache to be agreeable but discounts it suggesting the Apache could destroy the largest towns if they wanted to. What is interesting about this paper is seeing how little the abandonment issue has progressed in four decades in spite of the effort given to it. The explanations thrown around today are the same ones Kelley lists; the problem is that this is an issue where logical construct still outreaches proof. archaeology Mexico PaquimV^]\[LZ,0Y+TX*)W VUTpp0*Janssen, D. W. Ruhf, W. A. Prichard, W. W. 1983,&Use of Clay for Soil Color Comparisons"Journal of Forensic Sciences28773-776pJeffery, J. W. O.e 1960NGIron and the Eh of Waterlogged Soils with Particular Reference to PaddyJournal of Soil Sciencei11140-1482+Jenkins, Myra Ellen and Elizabeth A. BrandtR 198881The Sandia Eastern Boundary: A Response to Morgont81Materials prepared for the Sandia land claim casef Jenny, Hanso 1941 Factors of Soil Formation New York $McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Jenny, Hanse 1980.'The Soil Resource: Origin and Behaviourt New York Springer-VerlagnJenny, Jans Jenny, Hans 1994B8Paleosols and Prehistoric Populations in the High PlainsGeoarchaeology192 163-181hRosemary Joyce 1986F?Terminal Classic Interaction on the Southeastern Maya PeripheryAmerican Antiquity512313-329tRosemary A. JoyceV 1988@:Ceramic Units of Terminal Classic Cerro Palenque, Honduras$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al15 31-34Arthur A. Joyce 1991RLFormative Period Social Change in the Lower Rio Verde Valley, Oaxaca, MexicoLatin American Antiquity2126-150("Arthur A. Joyce Raymond G. Mueller 1992piThe Social Impact of Anthropogenic Landscape Modification in the Rio Verde Drainage Basin, Oaxaca, MexicoGeoarchaeology7e6 503-526PIon file, geoarchaeology, Mexico, agriculture, flooding, population growth,0*This article examines the effects of anthropogenic landscape modification in the upper drainage basin of the Rio Verde on encironments and populations of the lower Rio Verde Valley, Oaxaca, Mexico. Archaeological and geomorphological research conducted by the Rio Verde Formative Project indicates that Late Formative (400-100 B.C.) population growth and agricultural intensification in the Oaxaca and Nochixlan valleys increased erosion and runoff from the Verde's upper drainage. This geomorphic change in the highland valleys altered the drinage system and led to increased flooding and alluviation in the lower Rio Verde Valley. The environmental effect in the lower valley may have increased the agricultural potential of the region, leading to population growth, and at least indirectly to social change._0bLeBlanc, Steven A. 1997`ZA comment on Hegmon and Trevathan's 'Gender, anatomical knowledge, and pottery production'American Antiquity624n723-726lJDgender, Mimbres, Southwest, New Mexico, ceramics, ceramic productionLeBlanc, Steven A. 1998ZSSettlement Consequences of Warfare During the Late Pueblo III and Pueblo IV Periods Spielmann, K.A.RLMigration and Reorganization: The Pueblo IV Period in the American Southwest Tempe @:Arizona State University Anthropological Research Paper 51conflict"settlement patterns conflictLeCount, Lisa J. 1999d^Polychrome Pottery and Political Strategies in Late and Terminal Classic Lowland Maya Society.Latin American Antiquity103 239-259\ULowland Maya site of Xunantunich in Belize investigates the complex relationships between wealth, social status, and political strategies in state-level societies. Rather than using the distribution of decorated pottery as an indicator of social status, this study treats it as an independent variable and illustrates how prestige goods circulated as political currency to further political ambitions. Two social strata and the two ranks within each stratum are defined by architectural complexity and intersite location of house mounds at the Late Classic II (A.D. 670 to 790) to Terminal Classic (A.D. 790 to 1000) provincial center of Xunantunich and its nearby hamlet, San Lorenzo. During the Late Classic II phase, elaborately decorated pottery was found concentrated in elite households in the civic center, whereas during the Terminal Classic, when Xunantunich was in the process of collapse, they were found dispersed equally among all house mounds. I suggest that local elites, to maintain power, abandoned rival displays of prestige goods and attempted to consolidate community support by gifting luxury items down through the social hierarchy. This article, therefore, seeks not only to craft a clearer definition of wealth, but to build a model of when and how prestige goods function as a means to promote political strategies in state-level societies. Lee, R. B, 1968LEWhat Hunters Do For a Living, or, How To Make Out On Scarce Resources R. B. Lee I. DeVoreMan The Hunter Chicago Aldine 30-48 Minnis"hunter-gatherers subsistenceF@Studying the !Kung for a period of 15 months, Lee concludes that among hunting-gathering groups, plant and marine resources are more important than the hunting of game animals, and that the H-G subsistence base is more reliable than is assumed, often overabundant. Among the !Kung, this is evinced by the necessity to engage in food acquisition activities only every third or fourth day. This is in part due to a minimization of surplus for mobility reasons. Also, the selectivity with which the !Kung engage in food acquisition proves the abundance of their resources: only 23 of 85 plant species make up 90% of their diet, and only 17 out of a possible 223 animal species are hunted. A population density of .41/km2 is maintained generally, with an acquisitiom area covering only 100 km2. The lifespan of the !Kung is comparable to that of industrialized nations, with 10% of the population over the age of 60. They work 12-19 hours per week. While both men and women work the same number of hours, women collect most of the food which forms their diet. Virtually all of the food acquisition is performed by men and women betwen the ages of 20 and 40. The results of this study are astonishing, and even more so when one considers that the data were collected during the third year of a severe drought, and resources were minimized.o For a Living, or, How To Make Out On Scarce Resources R. B. Lee I. DeVoreMan The Hunter Chicago Aldine 30-48 Minnis"hunter-gatherers subsistenceF@Studying the !Kung for a period of 15 months, Lee concludes that among hunting-gathering groups, plant and marine resources are more important than the hunting of game animals, and that the H-G subsistence base is more reliable than is assumed, often overabundant. Among the !Kung, this is evinced by the necessity to engage in food acquisition activities only every third or fourth day. This is in part due to a minimization of surplus for mobility reasons. Also, the selectivity with which the !Kung engage in food acquisition proves the abundance of their resources: only 23 of 85 plant species make up 90% of their diet, and only 17 out of a possible 223 animal species are hunted. A population density of .41/km2 is maintained generally, with an acquisitiom area covering only 100 km2. The lifespan of the !Kung is comparable to that of industrialized nations, with 10% of the population over the age of 60. They work 12-19 hours per week. While both men and women work the same number of hours, women collect most of the food which forms their diet. Virtually all of the food acquisition is performed by men and women betwen the ages of 20 and 40. The results of this study are astonishing, and even more so when one considers that the data were collected during the third year of a severe drought, and resources were minimized. Crdoba, Diego A.Crdova, Jos LuisCraddock, P. T.Craig, Douglas B.Creamer, WinifredCreel, Darrell Cresser, M. Crown, P. L. Crown, P.A. Crown, P.J.Crown, Patrica L.Crown, PatriciaCrown, Patricia LCrown, Patricia L.Crumley, C. L.Crumley, Carol A.Crumley, Carol M.Crumley, Carole L.Culbert, T. Patrick Culbert, T.P.Cullinan, Valerie I.Cummings, L. L.Cummings, Linda ScottCunningham, Kevin W.Curet, Antonio Curet, L. A.Curet, L. Antonio Curtin, E. V.Curtin, L. S. M.Curtis, Edward S.Cushing, Frank Hamilton Cusik, C.Custer, Jay F. Cutler, HughCyphers Guilln, AnnD'Altroy, Terrence D. D. FowlerDahlin, Bruce H.Dalla Bona, LukeDalton, GeorgeDancey, William S.Daneels, AnnickDaniel, Glyn EdmundDaniels, R. B. Dart, AllenDarwin, CharlesDauncey, K. D. M. Davey, B. G.Davidson, D. A.Davidson, T. E. Davis, B.Davis, Dave D.Davis, John V.Davis, Margaret BryanDavis, Owen K.Davis, Owen Kent Day, Jane S. Day, P. M Deal, Michael Dean, J. S.Dean, Jeffrey S.DeAtley, Suzanna Patricia Deaver, W. L.DeBoer, Warren R.Decker, Kenneth W. Deetz, J. Deetz, JamesDeetz, James D. F.Deiter, Michaeldel Carmen Vzquez, MariDelgado Rubio, Jaime Demallie, R.DeMalllie, R. J. Demirci, S. DeNiro, M J Denise, P. Derman, BillDethlefsen, E. DeVore, I.Di Peso, C. CharlesDi Peso, Charles C.0,Dibble, Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E.Dickson, D. BruceDiehl, Michael W.Diehl, Richard A. Diehl, U.Dietler, Michael Dietz, E. F.Dimbleby, G. W.Dindal, Daniel L.(%Dittert, Alfred E., Jr. and Fred PlogDobyns, Henry F.Dodgshon, Robert A. Doelle, W. H.Doelle, William H.Doershuk, John F.Dominguez, Francisco A. Domsch, K. H. Donahue, J. Donahue, JackDonald, Mary M.A. McDongoske, K. E.DADongoske, Kurt E., Michael Yeatts, Roger Anyon, and T.J. FergusonDonnan, Christopher B.Donovan, D. T.Doolittle, William E.Dormaar, John F.Dornan, Jennifer L.Dosh, Deborah S. Dothan, TrudeDouglas, Diane L.Douglas, J. E.Douglas, John E. Downs, R. E.Downum, Christian E. Doyel, D. E.Doyel, David E.Dozier, Edward P. Dregne, H. E.Drennah, R. D. Dreyer, J. Druc, I. C.Druc, Isabelle C. Drucker, P.Druckner, Philip Druzik, J. R. Druzik, James Du Solier Massieu, Wilfrido Dubin, R. Duff, AndrewDuff, Andrew I.Duff, Andrew Ian LymanDuffield, L. F. Duke, P.Dumond, Don E. Dunbar, C. O. Dunbar, J. B. DunnellDunnell, R. C.Dunnell, Robert C.Dunnell, Robert C.Dunning, Nicholas P.Duran, Meliha S.Duran, Miliha S.Durn, Fray DiegoDyson-Hudson, RadaEarle, TimothyEarle, Timothy K.Earls, Amy Claire East, T.Ebert, James I.Eckert, Susanne L. Eddy, F. W.Eddy, Frank W.\YEddy, Frank W., Dale R. Lightfoot, Eden A. Welker, Layne L. Wright, and Dolores C. Torres Eder, J.Editor, Arizona Cattlelog Edwards, T.Effland, Richard W. Eggan, F.Eggert, Manfred K. H.Ehrenreich, Robert M.Eidt, Robert C.Eighmy, Jeffrey L.Eiseley, Loren C.Ekholm, Gordon F. Elam, J. M. Elam, MichaelElder, Glen H.Elder, Plinius theEldredge, Niles Elen, Roy Ellis, Andrea Ellis, C.Ellis, Florence Hawley,'Ellis, Florence Hawley, and J. J. Brody Elson, M. D. Elson, Mark Embree, L.Emerson, Thomas E.,)Emerson, Thomas E., and Randall E. Hughes Engelmark, R.Entijes-Nieborg, G.Entwistle, Jane A.Epenshade, Christopher T.Epstein, ClaireEpstein, Jeremiah F.Erasmus, Charles J.Ericson, Jonathon E. Ertem, E.Escobedo, HctorEspejo, AntonietaEspiago, JavierEspinoza, E. O.Estrada Balmori, ElmaQ|PO*NHeinz W. Pyszczykc 1989PJConsumption and Ethnicity: An Example from the Fur Trade in Western Canada.'Journal of Anthropological Anthropology8388-409  (clay pipes) Quine, T. 1995>7Soil Analysis and Archaeological Site Formation Studiese "A. J. Barham R. I. MacPhailRKArchaeological Sediments and Soils: Analysis, Interpretation and Managementh London 2,University College, Institute of Archaeology 77-988Raab, L. M. Goodyear, A. C.d  1984 .American Antiquity 49 2r $255-268s jN" The concept of middle-range theory, arising over three deaces ago in sociology, is reviewed. The concept was proposed as an approach to theorizing, urging consolidation of high-order theories with low-order empirical studies. The critical elements in such hierarchies are theories of a middle-range of abstraction. However, most current conceptions of "middle-range theory" in archaeology are far more narrowly conceived. Derived primarily from Binford's work, they continue the New Archaeology's attempt to develop a materialist epistemology for archaeology. In this view, principles of site formation processes are nearly synonymous with "middle-range theory." The dangers to theory-building of this approach are outlined. Examples of middle-range theory that expand our capacity for explanation of cultural behavior are presented. " nRMiddle-Range Theory in Archaeology: A Critical Review of Origins and Applications jNarchaeology middle-range theory materialism epistemology explanation taphonomy Ramenofsky, Ann F. 1996RLThe Problem of Introduced Infectious Diseases in New Mexico: A.D. 1540-1680*#Journal of Anthropological Research52161-184("disease Pueblo social organization,&Peter G. Ramsden Wiiliam R. Fitzgerald 1990*$More (or Less) on Iroquoian StemwareAmerican ANtiquity551f159-1610)Rapp, George Bullard, R. Albritton, C. C.\ 1974Geoarchaeology?\HBThe Geologist, the Newsletter of the Geological Society of America9n1s1(!Rapp, George Hill, Christopher L. 1998RKGeoarchaeology: The Earth-Science Approach to Archaeological Interpretationt  New Haven, CTr Yale University Pressm $Rapp , George Gifford, John A. 1985Archaeological Geology  New Haven, CTb Yale University Press\) (deo M. Rea Karen L. Reichhardt Eric Mellink Charles F. Hutchinsonr  Murphy, Dennis D. 198881Challenges to Biological Diversity in Urban Areas  Wilson, E. O. Biodiversity Washington, D. C. National Academy Press 71-76apSGary P. Nabhan Amadeo M. Rea Karen L. Reichhardt Eric Mellink Charles F. Hutchinsonr  1982 4Journal of Ethnobiology 2 2 $124-143 $ecology lOPapago Influences on Habitat and Biotic Diversity: Quitovac Oasis Ethnoecologya N2Quitovac, Sonora, is an oasis and Papago Indian community in the U.S./Mexico borderlands, 54 km from an analagous (sic) oasis, Quitobaquito, in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. Comparison of the two sites provides insight into how traditional Papago subsistence and land use affects habitat and biotic Diversity. Quitovac's springs and modified lagoon have been utilized by Papago farmers for centuries. Around these perennial water sources, Papago land and plant management practices created eight large scale and two small scale vegetation associations. These provided habitat for a Diversity of plants, birds and mammals, many of which the Papgo harvest for utilitarian or religious purposes. Over 138 species of plants, 14 mamals and 103 birds are documented from a 5 ha study site at the oasis. The concentration of utlized speices in certain habitats clearly affects how these habitats are managed. Since the initiation of the study, however, a 125 ha area was cleared and levelled for irrigated agriculture. This has dramatically altered life at Quitovac.  Nabhan, G. P. 1985Gathering the Desert Tucson "University of Arizona Press 209 MinnisSonora ethnobotanyyNabhan discusses the ecological relationships between indigenous groups of the Sonoran desert and several species of indigenous plants, including their changes through time. The plants discussed are creosote bush, agave, sandfood (Pholisma sonorae), mesquite, organpipe cactus, amaranth, teparies, chiltepines, devil's claw, panicgrass, and gourds (Cucurbita foetidissima and C. sororia.) Nabhan focuses on the symbiotic relationships between these plants and animals, including humans, and pays special attention to their increasing scarcity in recent times, as well as new valuations of these plants for medicinal or other value.a   ^ g y { ZSNakayama, M. Fujita, Y. Kanbara, K. Nakayama, N. Miitsuo, N. Matsumoto H. Satoh, T.T 1992`ZForensic Chemical Study on Soils: (I)-Discrimination of Area by Pyrolysis Products of Soil>7Japanese Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Healthc381t 38-44f XNorth, Chris D. North, F. J.Northrop, D. M.Norvell, W. A. Nye, P. H. O'Brien, ColmO'Brien, M. J.O'Brien, Michael J.O'Brien, Patrick$O'Brien, Susie and Imre SzemanO'Connor, G. A.O'Donovan, Maria O'Mack, Scott O'Rear, C. E. O'Shea, John Oates, J.Ochoa Castillo, PatriciaOckenfels, Richard A. Oddone, M Oddy, W. A.Oldfield, Margery L. Olsen, S. R.Olsen, Stanley J. Olson, G. W. Olson, R. J. Orcutt, J. Orlova, L. A. Orlove, B. S.Orlove, Benjamin S.Orna, Mary Virginia Ortega, J.Ortiz Butrn, AgustinOrtiz Butrn, Agustn Ortiz, A.Ortiz, AlfonsoOrtman, Scott G.Ortner, Sherry B. Osgood, C.Otis Charlton, CynthiaOttaway, J. H. Otte, M. Owen, J. V.<9Owen, J. V.; Wilstead, J. O.; Williams, R. W.; Day, T. E.Padilla Yedra, Judith Page, A. L. Page, D. W.Pailes, RichardPailes, Richard A.Palacios-Fest, Manuel R.Panychev, V. A. Park, Sungwoo Parker, F. L.Parnell, J. JacobParsons, Elsie ClewsParsons, Francis B.Parsons, Jeffrey R.Pate, F. DonaldPatino, Diogenes Paton, T. R.Patterson, Helen L.Patterson, T. C.Pauketat, Timothy R. Paul, E. A.Paul, Keith J. Pawluk, S.Paynter, RobertPeacock, D. P. S.Peacock, DavidPearsall, Deborah M.Pearson, AlastairPearson, David W.Pearson, J. A.Peebles, Christopher S.Peeples, Matthew A.Pehrson, Bjorn Peisach, M. Pendias, H.Pennington, C. W.Pennington, Campbell W.Peraza Lope, CarlosPeraza, CarlosPerez-Arantegui, JPerlman, Isadore Perry, E.Perttula, T. K.Peschard F., Alejandro A.Peterson, Frederick A.Peterson, G. H.Peterson, H. L.Peterson, J.A.Peterson, John Allen Petraco, N.Petraglia, M. D.Petrie, W. M. F. Pettitt, PaulPfannkuch Wachtel, TilmanPhelps, Alan L.Phillips, David A. Jr.Phillips, Thomas R.Philpots, Anthony R.Pichn, Francisco J.Pickering, Robert B<7Picouet, P.; Maggetti, M.; Piponnier, D.; Schvoerer, M.Pierrebourg, Fabienne de Pierret, A.Pilles, Peter J.Pilles, Peter J., Jr. Pineda, C. A.Pia Chn, RomnPiperno, Dolores Pitty, A. F. Plaisance, G. Plog, F. Plog, Fred Plog, StephenPlunket Nagoda, PatriciaPlunket, Patricia Podzuweit, C.Poggenpoal, CedricPogue, Dennis J.Pollard, A. M.Pollard, Mark A.Pollock, SusanPool, Christopher A.0+Pool, Christopher A. and Georgia Mudd BrittPool, Michael D.Pope, Geoffrey G.Pope, Kevin O. Popenoe, H.Porter de Moedano, MurialPorter, Muriel NoePotter, James M.,(Powell, A. Michael/Timmerman, Barbara N. Powell, J.W.Pozas, RicardoPratt, Jo Ann F. Precord, C.Preucel, Robert W.Preysler, Javier Baena Price, T. Price, T. D.Price, T. DouglasPrichard, W. W.Pring, Duncan C Proudfoot, B.Provan, D. M. J. Pryor, F.Puche, Mari Carmen SerraPuleston, Dennis E.Pumain, DenisePurdy, Barbara A.Puseman, Kathryn Pyddoke, E.Pyszczyk, Heinz W. Quine, T. Quye, A. Raab, L. M. Raby, J. Rakos, LynnRamachandran, B.Ramenofsky, Ann F.Ramsden, Peter G. Rapp , George Rapp, G. Rapp, GeorgeRappaport, R. A.Rappaport, Roy A.Rattray, Evelyn C.Rattray, Evelyn ChildsRautman, Alison E.Rautman, Alsion,&Ravesloot, Anne I. Woosley and John C.Ravesloot, John C. Ray, RoseRaymond, Gerry R.Rea, Amadeo M.(%Redford, Scott, and M. James Blackman Redman, C. L. Redman, C.L.Redman, Charles L.$ Redonda, Tercera Reunin de MesaReed, Heidi E. Reed, L.S.Reents-Budet, DorieReeves-Smyth, T.Reff, Daniel T.Reichhardt, KarenReichhardt, Karen L. Reid, J. J.Reid, J. Jefferson Reid, J.J.Reina S., MagdalenaReineck, H. E.$1l#B"3t0/! .-,T+.@:Stevenson Day, Jane Butterwick, Kristi Pickering, Robert B 1996sArchaeological Interpretations of West Mexican Ceramic Art From the Late Preclassic Period: Three Figurine Projects-Ancient Mesoamericao71149-162 Ancient MesoamericaI*Steward, J. H.  1937 F*Ecological Aspects of Southwestern Society & Anthropos 32 "87-104 |_Cultural process cannot be understood without paying attention to the economic/ecological factors that shape society. Applying this to the question of the origins of clan groups in California and the Puebloan peoples, it appears that comparable processes operated to produce both Yuman patrilineal and Puebloan matrilineal clans, and these processes are understandable in ecological terms. Low culture or unfavorable environment prevents dense populations, selecting for small groups, which are generally unilateral (either through male or female), localized, exogamous, and land owning. If population increases or the area decreases, a situation of multiple lineages in a single locality can develop. As a result, clans will form if solidarity is selected for or desired. In the process, political autonomy will pass from localized lineages to wider groups. >"Minnis' Ecology class, Spring 1996 @#Southwestern US kinship environment *Steward, J. H.  1955 `CTheory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution  "Urbana  8Univeristy of Illinois Press N2anthropology cultural evolution cultural evolution Steward, J. H. 1967d]Reply to "Major Aspects of the Interrelationship of Archaeology and Ethnology" by K. C. ChanglCurrent Anthropology8s3r 239-40 archaeologyhRemarks that American Anthropologist refused to publish his ecological study (Steward 1937) of the relationship of prehistoric settlement patterns to Western Pueblo social organization.rStewart, R. Michael 1983>8Soils and the Prehistoric Archaeology of the Abbott Farm& The North American Archaeologist4w 27-49h@9Joe D. Stewart P. Fralick R. Hancock J. Kelley E. Garrettc 1990jdPetrographic analysis and INAA geochemistry of prehistoric ceramics from Robinson Pueblo, New Mexico(!Journal of Archaeological Science17601-6252Kearsley A. Stewart  1993^XIron Age ceramic studies in Great Lakes eastern Africa: a critical and historical review$African Archaeological Review11 21-38rStiner, M. Kuhn, S.e 1992RKSubsistence, Technology, and Adaptive Variation in Middle Paleolithic ItalyAmerican Anthropologist94306-338James B. Stoltmanf 1991|uCeramic Petrography as a Technique for Documenting Cultural InteractionL An Example from the Upper Mississippi ValleyAmerican Antiquity561e103-120 Elizabeth C. Stone 1990.'The Tell Abu Duwari Project, Iraq, 1987"Journal of Field Archaeology1721141-162.Stone, Glenn D. 1993F?Agricultural Abandonment: A Comparative Study in Human Ecologyh ,&Cameron, Catherine. M. Tomka, Steve A.,&Abandonment of Settlements and Regions  Cambridge Cambridge University Press 74-81Research focused on settlement system of the Kofyar, on the Nigerian savanna. Contrasts ephemeral, shifting settlement system of the Tiv with the more intensive, permanent system of the Kofyar.e"Stone, Connie L. Jessup, Pat 1994nhA Cultural Resource Survey of a Proposed Land Exchange along Ash and Dry Creeks, Yavapai County, Arizona>7Manuscript on file, Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.archaeology surveyReport of a survey of two parcels including four prehistoric sites (N:12:52, N:12:53, N:12:54, and N:12:55 ASM), 2 petroglyph sites and 2 artifact scatters.Stone, Glenn Davis 1996TNSettlement Ecology: The Social and Spatial Organization of Kofyar Agriculture Tucson "University of Arizona PressStone, Connie L. 2000^WThe Perry Mesa Tradition in Central Arizona: Scientific Studies and Management Concerns. 0*Motsinger, T.N. Mitchell, D.R. McKie, J.M.voArchaeology in West-Central Arizona: Proceedings of the 1996 Arizona Archaeological Council Prescott Conference Prescott Sharlot Hall Museum Press205-214 archaeology archaeology Stone, Tammy 2003^WSocial Identity and Ethnic Interaction in the Western Pueblos of the American Southwesti2+Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory{101 31-65o Stone, Tammy 2003^WSocial Identity and Ethnic Interaction in the Western Pueblos of the American Southwest92+Journal of Archaeological Method and Theoryn101f 31-66J. M. V. Storeya 1988^WA Chemical Study of Clays and Roman Pottery from the Lower Nene Valley, Eastern England(!Journal of Archaeological Science15 35-50MStrazicich, Nicola M.e 1998d]Clay Sources, Pottery Production, and Regional Economy in Chalchihuites, Mexico A.D. 200-900.Latin American Antiquity9\3g259-275ztFocuses on the possibility that pottery was used at Chalchihuites centers in Mexico before and after A.D. 650, while examining the history of pottery. Description of ceremonial centers in the Chalchihuites; Details on Chalchihuites pottery; Information regarding the petrographic characteristics of pottery and clays; Details on the production and distribution of pottery. Stross, F. H. 1973Chemistry Digs the Pasta The Vortex3450110-112e 08263106644.Prehistoric New Mexico : background for survey  Albuquerquel $University of New Mexico Press 1988xii, 45988020450 by David E. Stuart, Rory P. Gauthier, with contributions by Thomas W. Merlan. Reprint. Originally published: Albuquerque : New Mexico Archeological Council, 1984. Bibliography: p. 435-459.rNHIndians of North America New Mexico Antiquities. New Mexico Antiquities.:4Stuart, David E. Gauthier, Rory P. Merlan, Thomas W.Surez Cruz, Sergios 1995"La Cermica Lisa Cholulteca  Arqueologai 13-14p109-120 mesoamericaTypes description.bEarchaeology central ceramics culture history gulf mesoamerica puebla MSugita, S. Marumo, Y.l 1996D>Validity of Color Examination for Forensic Soil Identification$Forensic Science International83201-210l EBurton, James H.(%Burton, James H., and Arlyen W. SimonBush, Mark, B. Butler, B. M.Butterwick, Kristi Butts, T. C.Butzer, Karl W.Buxeda i Garrigos, J. Byrd, John E.C., Jorge ChvazCaballero, JavierCabrera Castro, RubnCabrera, Oralia Caddy, B.Cadiente, Teresa L. Cailleux, A. Cairo, A Caley, E. R.Callahan, Martha M.Cameron, C. M.Cameron, Catherine M.Cameron, Catherine. M.Camilli, Eileen L.Cancian, FrankCann, Rebecca L.Cannon, Aubrey Cannon, K. P.Cano Salas, Gilda Canouts, V.Canouts, ValettaCaabate, Mara L.Carey, Henry A.Carlevato, D. C.Carlson, Roy L.Carmichael, D. L.Carmichael, D.L.Carneiro, R. L.Carneiro, Robert L.Carpenter, A. J.Carr, ChristopherCarr, Fletcher A. Carr, JaredCarrel, William K.Carstens, K. C.Carter, Brian J. Carter, G. F.Carter, James R. Carter, M. R.Carter, Martin R.Carter, StephenCarter, William B.Carvajal, AgustnCarver, M. O. H.Casas, AlejandroCasasola, Luis Cashdan, E. Casimir de Brizuela, GladysCassidy, Donnelly D. Castellanos, Fernando Robles Castelln Huerta, Blas RomnCastetter, E. F.Castillo, J. R. Cate, R. B. Catt, J. A.Catts, Wade P.Cavallaro, RaffaelCavanagh, W. G.Cavanaugh, W. G. Ceci, L.Champion, T. C.Chance, John K.Chandrasekharam, P. Chang, K. C.Chang, Kwang-Chih Chang, S. C.Charles, D. K.Charlton, Thomas H Charters, S. Chase, A. F.Chase, Alren F.Chase, Diane Z.Chase, Philip G. Chaya, H. J. Cheal, David($Chen, T.; Rapp, G.; Jing, Z.; He, N.Cherkinsky, A. E. Cherry, J. F.Cherry, John F.Chichagova, O. A.Childe, V. GordonChippindale, ChristopherChisholm, BrianChristenson, A.Christenson, A. L.Christenson, Alexander F. Chudek, J. A.<7Church, Michael, Ann F. Ramenofsky and Jeremy KulisheckChurch, Richard L.Ciolek-Torrello, R.S.Ciolek-Torrello, RichardCiolkosz, E. J.Ciudad Ruiz, Andres Clark, A. J.Clark, David E. Clark, F. E. Clark, G. A. Clark, G.A.Clark, Geoffrey A. Clark, J.Clark, Jeffrey J.83Clark, Jeffrey T., Peter Sheppard, and Martin Jones Clark, JohnClark, Kenneth F. Clarke, D. L.Claussen, Cheryl Clay, V.Clendinnen, Inga Clifton, J.Clune Jr., Francis J. Clune, Dorris Cobean, R.Cobean, Robert H. Coe, M.Coenegracht, Y. M. A.<8Cogswell, James W., Hector Neff, and Michael D. Glascock Cohen, M. N. Cohen, Ronald Cohen, Y. A.Cohn, Bernard S.Colee, Philip S.Coleman, Ellis C.Colinvaux, Paul A.Collier, PeterCollins, A. E. P.Collins, M. E.Collins, Mary E.Collins, Michael B.Colton, Harold S.Compton, R. R. Conkey, M Conkey, M.Conkey, Margaret W.Connah, GrahamConnelly, J. C.Connor, Kenneth P.Connor, Melissa A. Conway, J. S.Cook, Angel Garcia Cook, S. F.Cooper-Clark, James0*Cooperative, United Producers and Consumer Corbin, John Cordell, L.S.Cordell, Linda S.$Cordell, Linda S. and Fred Plog$ Cordell, Linda S., and Fred Plog,)Cordell, Linda S., and George J. GumermanCornwall, Ian W.Cosgrove, C.B.Cosgrove, H.S.Costin, Cathy L.Costin, Cathy LynnehbCotkin, Spencer J., Christopher Carr, Mary Louise Cotkin, Alfred E. Dittert, and Daniel T. KremserCoultas, C. L.Courlander, Harold Courtin, Jean Courty, M. A. Courty, M.-A.Courty, Marie-Agnes Covich, A.Cowan, C. WesleyCowgill, George LCowgill, George L.Cowgill, Ursula M. Cox, R. J. 1982*$Constituents and Properties of Soils New York Academic Press$Boone, James L. Kessler, Karen 1996:3Status Reinforcement Behavior and Long Term Fitness4-Human Behavior and Evolution Society Meetings Evanston, Illinois June 30, 1996 adaptation behavior power(!Boone, James L. Smith, Eric Alden 1996D>Is it Evolution Yet? A Critique of "Evolutionary Archaeology"JDDraft of manuscript accepted for publication in Current AnthropologyJ 8f zzH b Barba, Luis 1990d^El anlisis qumico de pisos de unidades habitacionales para determinar sus reas de actividad ,&Sugiura, Yoko Serra Puche, Mari Carmen2+Etnoarqueologa Coloquio Bosch Gimpera 1988 Mexico City, Mexicoc ZTInstituto de Investigaciones Antropolgicas, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico177-200i81Barba, Luis Rodrguez, Roberto Crdova, Jos Luis 1991D=Manual de tcnicas microqumicas de campo para la arqueologap Mexico City, Mexico ZTInstituto de Investigaciones Antropolgicas, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico$Barba, Luis Manzanilla, Lindac 1992ngSuperficie/excavacin: Un ensayo de prediccin de rasgos arqueolgicos desde superficie en OztoyahualcorAntropolgicas1a 19-46h(!Barba, Luis Ortiz Butrn, Agustns 1992VOAnlisis qumico de pisos de ocupacin: Un caso etnogrfico en Tlaxcala, MxicoaLatin American Antiquity3l1d 63-82a(!Barba, Luis Ortiz Butrn, Agustina 1993^WSuperficie/excavacin: Evaluacin del sector estudiado a travs de los restos excavados\ Manzanilla, Lindacd^Anatoma de un conjunto residencial Teotihuacano en Oztoyahualco, II: Los estudios especficos Ciudad de Mxico ZTInstituto de Investigaciones Antropolgicas, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico595-616tZTBarba, Luis Pierrebourg, Fabienne de Trejo, Claudia Ortiz Butrn, Agustn Link, Karl 1995Activites humaines refletees dans les sols s'unites d'habitation contemporaine et prehispanique de Yucatan (Mexique): Etudes chimiques, ethnoarchologiques et archologiques)Revue d'Archomtrie19 79-95\  Barber, J. 1993 Interpreting Stratigraphyc Edinburgh, Scotlandn $University of Edinburgh PressvMike Barbetti Don Hein 1989`ZPalaeomagnetism and High-Resolution Dating of Ceramic Kilns in Thailand: A Progress ReportWorld Archaeologyo211{ 51-70r .'Barham, Anthony J. Macphail, Richard I. 1995RKArchaeological Sediments and Soils: Analysis, Interpretation and ManagementPapers from the Tenth Anniversary Conference of the Association for Environmental Archaeology held at the Institute of Archaeology, University College, London, July, 1989 Philadelphia, PA HAUniversity of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and AnthropologylNorman F. Barkar 1985JDGreer: American Stonewares, The Art and Craft of Utilitarian PottersHistorical Archaeology192138-139 Barker, H. 1950>8Unusual Phosphate Material in the Sutton Hoo Ship Burial Nature 166n 34882Barker, H. Hughes, M. J. Oddy, W. A. Warner, A. E. 1975VPReport on Phosphate Analysis Carried Out in Connection with the Cenotaph Problem R. L. S. Bruce-Mitford The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial London British Museum1E550-5720 Barley, K. P. 1959The Influence of Earthworms on Soil Fertility. II. Consumption of Soil and Organic Matter by the Earthworm, Allolobophora caliginosal2,Australian Journal of Agricultural Resources10171-185iBarlow, Robert 19510)El Cdice de los Alfareros de Cuauhtitln2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolgicos XII4 5-8 F1201 .R46 mesoamericaNHcentral/ceramics/colonial/economics/ethnohistory/mexico city/mesoamericaCodex from 1564 describing the list of products made by potters from Cuauhtitlan, Mexico City. This is referent to a complaint for payment.William K. Barnett 1990PISmall scale trnsport of early Neolithic pottery in the west Mediterraneanw Antiquity164859-865 Barth, F. 1956HAEcological Relationships of Ethnic Groups in Swat, North PakistanAmerican Anthropologist58 1079-1089*#Minnis' Ecology class, Spring 1996h ecology culture ethnicityBartlett, James 1854piPersonal Narratives of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua New York D. Appleton and Company 2Bartlett, John Russell 1965xqPersonal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora and Chihuahua 1850-1853 The Rio Grande Press Chicago archaeology MexicoBasile, Robert M. 1971A Geography of Soils  Dubuque, IA William C. Brown Bates, T. E. 1993$Soil Handling and Preparationh  M. R. Carter,%Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis\ Boca Raton, FL Lewis Publishers 19-24 Bates, M. R. Bates, C. R.\ 2000Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Geoarchaeological Evaluation of Deeply Stratified Sedimentary Sequences: Examples from Pleistocene and Holocene Deposits in Southern England, United Kingdom(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencec279845-85850)Baugh, Timothy G., and Fred W. Nelson Jr. 1987F?New Mexico Obsidian Sources and Exchange on the Southern Plainse"Journal of Field Archaeology143a313-329*$Baugh, Timothy G., and Frank W. Eddy 1987HBRethinking Apachean Ceramics - 1985 Southern Athapaskan ConferenceAmerican Antiquity524\793-799g$Timothy J. Baugh Frank W. Eddy 1987RLRethinking Apachean Ceramics: The 1985 Southern Apachean Ceramics ConferenceAmerican Antiquity524793-798Bayard, Donn T. 1969<5Science, Theory, and Reality in the "New Archaeology"rAmerican Antiquity344 376-84 archaeology science theoryBayard, Donn T.o 1972F@A Non-Quantitative Non-Law in Anthropology: A Reply to CarneiroAmerican Antiquity373a447-449harchaeological theoryo@:Bayman, James A. Palacios-Fest, Manuel R. Huckell, Lisa W. 1997LEBotanical Signatures of Water Storage Duration in a Hohokam ReservoirAmerican Antiquity621103-111uBayman, James M. 2001,&The Hohokam of Southwest North America"Journal of World Prehistoryy15257-311Hohokam76, J. Charles 19554.Juan Sabeata and Diffusion in Aboriginal TexasAmerican Anthropologist57ethnohistory JumanoN Kelley, J. Charles s 1952TNSome Geographic and Cultural Factors Involved in Mexican Southeastern Contacts |l2+29th International Congress of Americanists |o IIIt139-144e|t"It has long been assumed that certain elements of the aboriginal culture of the Southeastern United States were of Mexican derivation." Agriculture and ceramics are obvious examples, but such ritual-related practices as mound building are also likely diffused and modified traits. While traits are discussed the actual processes of diffusion are rarely considered. The "Northern Overland route" goes from Zacatecas to the Rio Grande, and across the Edwards Plateau. This route is illustrated by the wanderings of the Jumano Indians. The "Southern Overland route" follows the Gulf coastal plain to the Mississippi. Kelley notes that this hypothesized contact leaves "simple culture" between two more complex areas which he does not see as a logical problem. Such situations exist in the ethnographic record. They are explained by group migrations over long areas. As for why intermediate "simple" groups did not adopt traits passing through their territory, Kelley believes it was too risky. It would leave the new farmers vulnerable to raids by hungry neighbours. (I assume the difference with the Mississippi area is population base to fend off raiders). It also creates a dual use of the land which creates friction between people. So the mechanism for diffusion exists in the hiatus zone in the form of mobile groups. *this may touch on one possible explanation for a "Medio-gap" between Loma San Gabriel and Casas Grandes.Kelley, J. Charles I 1953NGReconnaissance and Excavation in Durango and Southern Chihuahua, Mexico.4.Yearbook of the American Philosophical Society 1953172-176a This appears to be a field report for a grant to the amount of 400 dollars! Working with Southern Illinois, Kelley conducted a field school in northern Durango during 1952. They recorded 45 new sites in the Chihuahua - Durango border area and excavated 60% of the Weicker site. It is a small village west of Durango with low ovate mounds. Kelley suspects that the mounds are locations where stone based log houses stood. Associated wares are plain and red-painted forms. Other materials include basin metates, an obsidian quadrilateral (cross) and spindle whorls. Dating is unknown. There are no Chalchihuites sherds for reference. The site is considered more Southwestern than Mesoamerican although the house type is not characteristic of either region. A fluted point was found at surface near the Weicker site. Many of the other sites found on survey are Chalchihuites. Apparently Alden Mason saw many of these sites in 1936 and 1948, including the Schroeder site. It has rubble walls on a hill and a masonry pyramid. There are various Chalchihuites sherds here. * I wonder if this is the northernmost pyramid in Mexico. The Cerro San Gabriel site on the Rio Florida, with a lot of plainware, is more like Southwestern sites than Mesoamerican sites. There are also end-notched pebbles along the Rio Florida. Several aceramic sites are likened to the Cochise pattern. The concluding paragraph is primarily acknowledgments. * The basic pattern described here goes on to be named Loma San Gabriel which Kelley later reports in more detail.7 Follmer1985Foncerrada de Molina1977 Fontana1959 Fontana1979 Fontana1983g Fontana1996 Fontana1998 Ford1936 Ford1952 Ford1954 Ford1992 Ford19969 Forde1963 Forsyth1986 Forsyth1993 Foss1990 Foss19933i Foss19969 Foss19971 Foster1975 Foster1986 Foster1993 Foster1995 Foth1970 Foth1990 Fournier1987 Foust1985} Fowler19727  Fowler1991 Fox1994 Fralick1990  Franco1945  Frank1990  Frankel1994  Frankel19973Franklin1986 Franz1996 Frayer1993 Freestone1989 Freestone1994 Freidel1995 French1992 Freter1996aFrierman1969 Frink1992) Fujita19929& Gaffney1990 Galbraith1994 Ganot1995 Garber1984 Garber1988 Garber1996 Garcia-Heras1997 Garca Cook1987 Garca Payn1941Garca Snchez19939Gardiner1966 Gardner Garraty2000 Garrett1990Garrison1998 Gasche1983 Gasser1976 Gatus19781Gauthier1988Gaxiola Gonzlez1999 Gay1964 Gee1986 Geib1987 Geib1988 Genova2000 Gerald1983c Gerald19888 Gerald1990 Gerharz1988k Gero19919l Gero19979 Gerrard1981 Gerrard1987Gettinby1985Gettinby1989 Gibson1970 Gibson1980 Gifford1957 Gifford1960 Gifford1960 Gifford1977Q Gifford1985{ Gikandi2002 Gilead1989 Gilluly1968I Gilman1981z Gilman1987 Gilman1990{ Gilman1994 Gilman1994| Gilman1995 Gilman1996 Girmendonk1996 Gisiger1996$ Giten1986 Gittins1977 Gladfelter1977 Gladfelter1981 Gladfelter1985 Gladfelter1991 Gladwin1957Glascock1994,Glascock1997CGlascock1999Glascock2000 Glass1990 Goad19911 Goetze1991 Goffer1980Goldberg1979RGoldberg1990Goldberg1992PGoldberg1999; Golden20011Gonzalez1983Gonzalez1985Gonzalez1985 Goodchild1996Goodyear1984Goodyear1989Goodyear1997E Gopalaratnam1995 Gordon1981 Goren1989Gorenflo1991 Goring1991 Gosden1989 Gosselain1992 Goudie1981 Gould1982 Gould1993 Gould1996 Grabau1924 Graham1976  Graham1986 Graham1993 Graham1994 Graham19941 Graham1998 Gramsci1971! Graves1982 Graves19977} Graves1998 Graves1999~ Graves20002 Graves2002Graybill1989[Graybill1996 Grayson1984 Grayson19869 Grayson1993 Grayson1993 Green1979 Green1990 Greenleaf1959 Greenough1998 Gregory1987 Gremillion1996Griffith1981Griffith1981Griffith1981Grinnell1923+ Groenewoudt1992" Grove1995 Gruber1978 Gruber1986 Grygiel1993/Guderjan1992C Gurin-Pace1996 Guillermo1992#Guilliem Arroyo1997Gumerman1976Gumerman1976Gumerman1984Gumerman1984Gumerman1984Gumerman1989sGumerman1989Gumerman1989wGumerman1994Gumerman1994Gumerman1994 Gunn1994$Gunneweg1986y Gupta1998V Gurney19858 Gurney1985 Guthrie1982 Gwyn1998) H.1992 Haas1986 Haas1989 Haas1990 Haas1990 Haas1993 Haas19949(Habicht-Mauche19873Habicht-Mauche2000 Hackbarth1992 Hackbarth2002 Hackenberg1974 Hackenberg1983  Hackett1937  Hackett19424Hagstrum1985%Hagstrum1990 Hall19833&EHall?Cacao Residues in Ancient Maya Vessels from Rio Azul, GuatemalaHallberg1974' Hally1986Halstead1989 Hammer19869 Hammond1928 Hammond1967 Hammond1983( Hammond1984) Hancock19861 Hancock1987 Hancock1990Y Handy1961 Hanson19767 Hanson1978 Hanson199885 Hantman1983 Harbottle1994 Hard1990 Hard1992 Hard1996J Hard1996 Hardin19986 Hardin2000 Hardin2000 Hardin20000 Hardy1829 Harlow1970 Harlow1973  Harner1976 Harper1976 Harpstead1997* Harrington1912+ Harrington1916 Harris1975 Harris1977 Harris1979 Harris1984 Harris1989v Harris1996Harrison19833*Harrison1988MHarrison19979+ Hart1987  Hasenstab1996 Haskett1935 Hassan1978 Hassan1979 Hassan1981  Hassig1985  Hassig1991 Hassig1992, Hastorf1993 Hatcher1986 Haury1936  Haury1938 Haury1943 Haury1965 Haury1985 Haury1988 Hausenbuiller1972-Haviland1991. Hayashida1999 Hayden1967 Hayden1976/ Hayden19830 Hayden1984 Hayden19957 Hayden19971 Hays1989 Hays-Gilpin2002 Healy1983 Hebda1983 Heckman20002 Heggenhougen1997 Hegmon1989 Hegmon1989 Hegmon1989n Hegmon1989 Hegmon19918 Hegmon1992 Hegmon19943 Hegmon1994 Hegmon1995 Hegmon19964 Hegmon19965 Hegmon1997 Hegmon1998 Hegmon19986 Hegmon1998 Hegmon19999 Hegmon2000 Hegmon2001: Hegmon2002 Hegmon2002 Heidenreich19737 Heidke1988 Heidke19955Gruber1986C Gurin-Pace1996 Guillermo1992Gumerman1989sGumerman1989Gumerman1989wGumerman1994̀Gumerman1994Gumerman1994 Gunn1994V Gurney19858 Gurney1985̵ Guthrie1982) H.1992 Haas1986 Haas1989 Haas1990 Haas1990 Haas1993 Haas19949(Habicht-Mauche19873Habicht-Mauche2000 Hackenberg1974 Hackenberg19834Hagstrum1985 Hall19833Hallberg1974Halstead1989 Hammond1928 Hammond1967 Hammond1983Y Handy19615 Hantman1983 Hard1990 Hard1992 Hard1996̞ Hardin19986 Hardin2000̟ Hardin2000̺ Hardin20000 Hardy1829  Harner1976  Harper1976̸ Harpstead1997 Harris1975̺ Harris1977̻ Harris1979̼ Harris1984̽ Harris1989v Harris1996̥Harrison19833  Hasenstab1996 Hassan1978̿ Hassan1979 Hassan1981  Hassig1985  Hassig1991̂ Haury1936  Haury1938 Haury1943 Haury1965 Haury1985 Haury1988 Hausenbuiller1972 Hayden1967 Hayden1976 Hayden19957 Hayden1997 Healy1983 Hebda1983 Hegmon1989̟ Hegmon1989̠ Hegmon1989n Hegmon1989 Hegmon19918 Hegmon1992̆ Hegmon1994 Hegmon1995̇ Hegmon1996̈ Hegmon1998 Hegmon1998̉ Hegmon19999 Hegmon2000̺ Hegmon2001: Hegmon2002̊ Hegmon2002 Heidenreich1973 Heidke1995555 EBeekman, Christopher S.85Beekman, Christopher S., and Alexander F. ChristensenBeer, StaffordBehrensmeyer, A. K.Behrensmeyer, Anna K. Beier, T. Bell, Betty Bell, J. Bell, M. G.Bell, Thomas L. Bell, W. H. Bello, G.Bellomo, Randy V.Bement, Leland C. Bender, B.Benfer, Robert Alfred Jr.Benn, David W.Bennet, Wendell C.Bennett, J. W.Bennyhoff, James A.Berger, Kermit C.Bergoften, Celia J.Berkner, Lutz K.Berlin, G. Lennis($Berlo, Richard A. Diehl and Janet C. Berman, M. J.Berman, Michael J.(#Bermann, Marc, and Warren R. DeBoerBernadini, WesleyBernal, IgnacioBernardini, WesleyBerndtsson, R.Berry, Joseph K.Berry, Michael S. Berthelin, J.Betancourt, Julio L.Bethell, P. H.Bettinger, Robert L.Bettis, E. ArthurBetzinez, JasonBey III, George J<6Bey, George J., Craig A. Hanson, and William M. RingleBey, Geroge J. Beynon, DianeBickerton, Derek Bigelow, G. Bigham, J. M.Bilsbarrow, Matthew H. Bilzi, A. F. Bina, M.Binford, L. R.Binford, Lewis R.Binford, Lewis Roberts Binford, S.Binford, S. R.Bintliff, J. L.Birkeland, P. W.Birmingham, J. M. Bishop, R. L. Bishop, R.L.Bishop, Ronald LBishop, Ronald L.`ZBishop, Ronald L., Veletta Canouts, Suzanne P. DeAtley, Alfred Qoyawayma, and C. W. Aikens\VBishop, Ronald L., Veletta Canouts, Suzanne P. DeAtley, Alfred Qoyawayma, C. W. AikensBjelajac, VictorBlackiston, A. H.Blackiston, A.H.Blackman, M. J.Blackman, M. James Blake, M.Blakely, Jeffrey A.Blakey, Michael L.Blanton, Richard E. Bleed, P.Blinkhorn, P. W. Blinman, EricBlitt, John H.Bobrowsky, Peter T. Bodreau, E.H. Boehm, C.Boelke, Tanara C. Boggs, SamBogucki, Peter Bohn, H. L.Bohrer, Vorsila L. Bolger, DianeBoling, Sarah Jane Bollag, J. M.Bollong, C. A.Bollong, Charles A.,(Bollong, Charles A. and C. Garth SampsonBond, Margaret N. Bond, Tara M Bonneau, M.Bonnichsen, R.Boone, James L.Borofsky, Robert Bos, R. H. G. Boserup, E. Bosqued, Concepcion Blasco Bottema, S.Bouma, Arnold H.Bourdieu, PierreBourriau, JaninBove, Frederick J. Bower, NathanLIBower, Nathan W., Steve Faciszewski, Stephen Renwick, and Stewert Peckham Bradfield, M.Bradley, Lawrence E.Bradley, Ronna J.Bradshaw, A. D.Brady, James E.Brady, Nyle C.Braidwood, Robert J. Brain, C. K.Brainerd, George W. Brammer, H.Brand, Donald D.Brandt, Elizabeth A. Brandt, RoelBraniff C., BeatrizBraniff, BeatrizBraniff, C. BeatrizBraudel, FernandBraun, David P. Bray, AlilciaBray, Tamara L.Brayer, Herbert O.Bresson, L.-M. Brewer, R. Briggs, John Bright, J. R. Brightman, R. Briuer, F. L.Brody, M. JillBronitsky, GordonBrooks, Mark J.Brooks, Richard H.Brooks, Richard HowardBrooks, Robert L.Brooks, Sheilagh T. Brothwell, D.Brothwell, DonBroughton, Jack M.Brovkin, V. A.Brown, Daniel G.Brown, Donald E. Brown, J. A.Brown, Jeffrey D. Brown, TonyBroyles, Bettye J.Bruce-Mitford, R. L. S.Bruder, J. SimonBrugge, David MBrumfiel, ElizabethBrumfiel, Elizabeth M. Brunson<9Brunswig, Robert H., Bruce Bradley, and Susan M. ChandlerBrush, Stephen B. Bryan, K.Bryant, Douglas DonneBryson, Reid A. Buck, C. E.Buckley, WalterBuckman, H. O.Buikstra, J. E.Buikstra, Jane E. Bull, I. D. Bullard, R.Bullock, Peter Y. Buol, S. W.Bura, StphaneBurgh, Robert F.Burns, Peter E.Burrough, P. A. 0 R~}NR^XLynott, Mark J., Hector Neff, James E. Price, James W. Cogswell, and Michael D. Glascock 2000xqInferences about prehistoric ceramics and people in southeast Missouri: results of ceramic compositional analysisoAmerican Antiquity651s103-126c:4ceramics, southeast Missouri, compositional analysisS. H. MacCullum 1994LEIntroduction: Chronology and Perspective on the Mata Ortiz Phenomenono Kiva60 5-23S. H. MacCullum 1994NHPioneering an Art Movement in Northern Mexico: The Potters of Mata Ortiz Kiva60 71-91MacNeish, Richard S. 1947LEA Synopsis of the Archaeological Sequence in the Sierra de Tamaulipasr2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios AntropolgicoseIX 1-3 79-96g mesoamericarHACeramic sequence used for dating findings in caves at Tamaulipas.dHarchaeology ceramics culture history mesoamerica prehispanic tamaulipas  zMacNeish, Richard S. Fowler, Melvin L. Cook, Angel Garcia Peterson, Frederick A. Nelken-Terner, Antoinette Neely, James A. 1972XRThe Prehistory of the Tehuacan Valley Volume Five: Excavations and Reconnaissance Austin University of Texas Pressn 529s*$archaeology excavation Mexico survey hbkoMacNeish, Richard S. 19922+The Origins of Agriculture and Settled Lifec Norman "University of Oklahoma Press&agriculture settlement patterns.(Macnider, Barbara S. Effland, Richard W. 1989Cultural Resources Overview: Tonto National Forest. Tonto National Forest Cultural Resources Inventory Report No. 88-12-312A. Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd., Cultural Resources Report 51. Tempe .(Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. archaeology* Eoin MacWhitee  1956 rUOn the Interpretation of Archaeological Evidence in Historical and Sociological Terms  ,Peter B. Hammond V9Physical Anthropology and Archaeology: Selected Readings  $New York  2The Macmillan Company $223-238 $Madry, Scott L. H. Rakos, Lynn 1996`ZLine-of-Sight and Cost-Surface Techniques for Regional Research in the Arroux River Valley Maschner, Herbert D. G.b\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press104-126a.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23 pbkCtnarchaeology cost-surface analysis GIS intervisbility methodology spatial analysis viewshed analysis watchtowerTeresita Majewskif 199182Massola: Pottery and Porcelain on Peachtree StreetHistorical Archaeology252116-117Malinowski, Bronislawi 1967("Tribal Economics in the Trobriands  George Dalton3"Tribal and Peasant Economies Austin University of Texas Press:4Mallory-Greenough, L. M Greenough, J. D. Owen, J. V. 1998f_ New Data For Old Pots: Trace-Element Characterization of Ancient Egyptian Pottery Using ICP-MSn(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencee251 85-985Mandel, Rolfe D. 1991zsSoils and Holocene Landscape Evolution in Central and Southwestern Kansas: Implications for Archaeological Research Holliday, Vance T.D>Soils in Archaeology, Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation Washington, DC $Smithsonian Institution Press &lArtz, Joe Alan 1985\VA Soil-Geomorphic Approach to Locating Buried Late Archaic Sites in Northeast OklahomaAmerican Archaeology5f2{142-150*$Ascher, Robert Clune Jr., Francis J. 19600*Waterfall Cave, Southern Chihuahua, MexicoAmerican Antiquity262270-274$Abstract from Art MacWilliams(!Chihuahua Mogollon Mexico Paquim82Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin 1995&The Postcolonial Studies Reader London  Routledgel82Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin 1997,%Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studieso London  Routledge\ ASUA 1965 N:16:3 (ASU) site recordeASU site record of N:16:3 ASU, a small habitation site with burials, very little description. UTM location but no survey maps.e ASU) 1965 N:12:1 (ASU) site recordASU site record of N:12:1 ASU, a surface scatter of lithics and ceramics. Very little descriptive information; UTM location but no survey maps. ASU) 1973 N:16:1 (ASU) site records~xASU site file record for N:16:1 ASU, a grinding area and petroglyph near Sunset Point. Decent record and location info. ASU) 1973 N:16:2 (ASU) site recordsASU site record for N:16:2, a small masonry pueblo with associated artifact scatter near Sunset Point. Decent records and location info.V ASU) 1975 N:16:4 (ASU) site recordsvoASU site record of N:16:4 ASU, a petroglyph site. No descriptive information; UTM location but no survey maps.{ ASU) 1975 N:16:5 (ASU) site recordsb[ASU site record of N:15:5 ASU. Absolutely no description; UTM location but no survey maps.\ ASU 1988&N:16:6 (ASU), or N:16:214 (ASM)b site recordn{ASU record for N:16:6 (ASU), aka N:16:214 (ASM), aka Badger Springs Site. See database for other references for this site.  ASU) 1988 N:16:7 (ASU) site recordsb[ASU site record of N:16:7 ASU. Includes location map, but no site description of any kind.\ ASU) 1991 N:16:8 (ASU) site recordspjASU site record of N:16:8 ASU, a rock art site. Very little description; UTM location but no survey maps.Michael Attas et al. 1987voAn Archaeometric study of Early Bronze Age Pottery Production and Exchange in Argolis and Korinthia (Corinthia)t"Journal of Field Archaeology141 77-90 Axtell, James 1979,&Ethnohistory: An Historians Viewpoint Ethnohistory261 1-13ethnohistory theory AZSITE 1987 N:16:7 (ASM) site recordaXRAZSITE record for N:16:7 (ASM). We currently have no other records for this site. AZSITE 1997N:16:173 (ASM) site recordoZTAZSITE record for N:16:173 (ASM). We currently have no other records for this site. AZSITE 1998$N:12:64(ASM) and N:12:66 (ASM) site recordn~AZSITE record for N:16:64 (ASM) and N:12:66 (ASM), which are the same site. We currently have no other records for this site. AZSITE 1999N:16:188 (ASM) site recordiZSAZSITE record of N:16:188 (ASM). We currently have no other records for this site.r AZSITE 1999N:16:189 (ASM) site recordoTNAZSITE record for N:16:189. We currently have no other records for this site. AZSITE 1999 N:12:70 (ASM)J site record ZSAZSITE record for N:12:70 (ASM). We currently have no other records for this site.r Baacho, David 198381The Airport Sites and the Dating of Casas GrandesJornada Conference El Paso$Abstract from Art MacWilliamsPaquim Mary C. Baeudry et al. 1983XRA Vessel Typology for the Early Chesapeake Ceramics: The Potmac Typological SystemHistorical Archaeology171 18-43  Bahr, D. M. 1983*#Pima and Papago Social Organization Ortiz, Alfonso("Handbook of North American Indians Washington, D. C. Smithsonian Institution10178-192e Minnis>7Pima Papago culture society kinship settlement patternsi("Baker, Jeffrey L. Bruder, J. Simon 2002A Cultural Resource Survey of the Proposed Sunrise Point Rest Area along Interstate-17 North of Black Canyon City, Yavapai County, Arizona  Mesa, Arizona EcoPlan Associates, Inc.archaeology survey^WSurvey report of two sites (N:16:230 and N:16:231 ASM) near the Sunset Point rest area.Bakkevig, Sverre 1980F@Phosphate Analysis in Archaeology - Problems and Recent Progress&Norwegian Archaeological Reviewe13 73-100Baldwin, Sturart J.t 19922+Evidence for a Tompiro Morning Star Kachinar The Artifact304\ 1-14B;Balkansky, Andrew K., Gary M. Feinman and Linda M. Nicholas 19976/Pottery kilns of ancient Ejutla, Oaxaca, Mexico"Journal of field archaeology242139-160g.'Oaxaca, Mesoamerica, pottery productionuJoseph W. Ball 1984BBx(Phillips, David A. Jr. 1991<6Arqueologa de la Sierra Madre Occidental en Chihuahua Len Garca, RicardoD=Historia Regional Comparada 1990: Actas del Segundo Congresot  Ciudad Juarezi ,%Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juareze,%archaeology chronology Mexico Paquimh The paper is divided by time periods with practically nothing to be said about Paleoindian and Archaic sites. Lister had some Late Archaic horizons in Cave Valley and associated maize. Guevara Sanchez reports burials in a cave near Bocoyna that are like Archaic burials from Coahuila. Zingg may have some Archaic material from the Batopilas area but that is not clear. Roughly from Madera north there are Casas Grandes sites. During Di Peso's Viejo there are Sierra occupations that are much like the Mogollon of southwest New Mexico. This includes caves in the Ro Piedras Verdes Valley that may be jacales. While working at Paquim, Di Peso also excavated two open-air sites in the Sierra. In contrast to Di Peso, Phillips believes that the Sierra sites do not post-date the fall of Paquim, but are contemporaneous. In Waterfall Cave, south of Madera, Ascher and Clune found pottery similar to Ramos polychrome. (* They found five polychrome sherds). Kearny and Zingg found plainware sites in the Sierra of southern Chihuahua. A lot of fabrics come out of the cave sites but usually at the hands of looters so context is lost. The paper closes with a call for extensive survey in the Sierra. * there are a couple cites in the bibliography to get. & Anthony R. Philpots Nancy Wilson 1994ZSApplication of petrofabric and phase equilibria analysis to the study of a potsherdr(!Journal of Archaeological Science21607-618pA re-examination shows that the interpretation of the 1977 article was mistaken. The data did not prove the existence of 'Seafaring Merchants of Ur' in the Ubaid PeriodPichn, Francisco J. 1996ZTSettler Agriculture and the Dynamics of Resource Allocation in Frontier Environments243341-371Ecology,&agriculture ecology stress subsistence>7Picouet, P.; Maggetti, M.; Piponnier, D.; Schvoerer, M. 1999ZS Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy of Quartz Grains as a Tool for Ceramic Provenance (!Journal of Archaeological Science2687943-950c.'Pierret, A. Moran, C. J. Bresson, L.-M. 1996Calibration and Visualization of Wall-Thickness and Porosity Distributions of Ceramics Using X-radiography and Image Processing (!Journal of Archaeological Science2331419-428s.'Pilles, Peter J., Jr. Katich, Joseph F.e 1967XQThe Excavation of Olla Negra: A Rockshelter Site in Central Arizona A.S.U. O:13:3 @:Manuscript on file, Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.archaeology excavationReport on the excavation of Olla Negra rockshelter: site numbers O:13:3 (ASU), NA9876, and O:13:11 (MNA). Report includes analyses of some excavated materials (which are stored at ASU Anthropology Collections).cPilles, Peter J. 1981The Southern SinaguaPlateaup531e 6-17*#F 806 .P58 Location HAYDEN ARIZONAf archaeologyi archaeologyr.(Try to find excavation reports by PillesPilles, Peter J. 1981&A Review of Yavapai Archaeology Wilcox, D.R. Masse, W.B.>8The Protohistoric Period in the North American Southwest TempeB F?Arizona State University Anthropological Research Papers No. 24e163-182N,&HAYDEN STACKS E78 .S7 P68x SHELF archaeologyPia Chn, Romn 19670*Un Complejo Coyotlatelco en Coyoacn, D.F.Anales de AntropologaIV mesoamericaa0*reference incomplete, missing page numbersiarchaeology central ceramics culture history coyotlatelco epiclassic mesoamerica mexico city prehispanic s82Piperno, Dolores Bush, Mark, B. Colinvaux, Paul A. 1991\VPaleoecological Perspectives on Human Adaptation in Central Panama, I: The PleistoceneGeoarchaeology6r210-226C337 agriculture meso82Piperno, Dolores Bush, Mark, B. Colinvaux, Paul A. 1991ZTPaleoecological Perspectives on Human Adaptation in Central Panama, II: The HoloceneGeoarchaeology6227-2502337 agriculture meso Pitty, A. F. 1978$Geography and Soil Properties} London Methuene Plaisance, G. Cailleux, A. 1981Dictionary of Soils New Delhi, India Amerind Publishing Co. Plog, Fred 1977 Modeling Economic Exchange ,&Earle, Timothy K. Ericson, Jonathon E.$Exchange Systems in Prehistory New York Academic Press,%archaeology exchange network analysiseExchange networks provide unique information from the archaeological record on prehistoric social organization. Two of the most useful literatures bearing on exchange relations are those of network analysis and location geography. A network is a series of elements linked by exchanges of things. In archaeology, the elements are not people but places, and the exchange is of material goods, and not usually of behavior or information. Exchange networks are characterized by several relevant variables: content (# of types of things), magnitude (quantity of things), Diversity (of things), size (area), duration, directionality (A to B or v.v. or both), symmetry (of directionality), centralization (asymmetry), and complexity (variation in variables across area of network). These variables are critical structural characteristics, and we cannot assume that they are direct reflections of the organization of the society or societies involved; they are also determined to an extent by topography and population differences. In order to accurately assign values to these variables, we must use sophisticated intra- and inter-site sampling techniques and a regional approach to research design.72XRThe Prehistory of the Tehuacan Valley Volume Five: Excavations and Reconnaissance Austin University of Texas Pressn 529s*$archaeology excavation Mexico survey hbkoMacNeish, Richard S. 19922+The Origins of Agriculture and Settled Lifec Norman "University of Oklahoma Press&agriculture settlement patterns* Eoin MacWhitee  1956 rUOn the Interpretation of Archaeological Evidence in Historical and Sociological Terms  ,Peter B. Hammond V9Physical Anthropology and Archaeology: Selected Readings  $New York  2The Macmillan Company $223-238 $Madry, Scott L. H. Rakos, Lynn 1996`ZLine-of-Sight and Cost-Surface Techniques for Regional Research in the Arroux River Valley Maschner, Herbert D. G.b\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press104-126a.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23 pbkCtnarchaeology cost-surface analysis GIS intervisbility methodology spatial analysis viewshed analysis watchtowerTeresita Majewskif 199182Massola: Pottery and Porcelain on Peachtree StreetHistorical Archaeology252116-117:4Mallory-Greenough, L. M Greenough, J. D. Owen, J. V. 1998f_ New Data For Old Pots: Trace-Element Characterization of Ancient Egyptian Pottery Using ICP-MSn(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencee251 85-985Mandel, Rolfe D. 1991zsSoils and Holocene Landscape Evolution in Central and Southwestern Kansas: Implications for Archaeological Research Holliday, Vance T.D>Soils in Archaeology, Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation Washington, DC $Smithsonian Institution Pressonml0kTkjihgfPed`czjDominguez, Francisco A.c 1956f`The Missions of New Mexico, 1776: Translated and annoted by Eleanor B. Adams and Angelico Chavez  Albuquerque\ $University of New Mexico PressHADongoske, Kurt E., Michael Yeatts, Roger Anyon, and T.J. Fergusonv 1997lfArchaeological Cultures and Cultural Affiliation: Hopi and Zuni Perspectives in the American SouthwestAmerican Antiquity624T600-608}>7Dongoske, K. E. Yeatts, M. Anyon, Roger Ferguson, T. J. 1997lfArchaeological Cultures and Cultural Affiliation: Hopi and Zuni Perspectives in the American SouthwestAmerican Antiquity62600-608 ethnographicethnographic PuebloanHADongoske, Kurt E., Michael Yeatts, Roger Anyon, and T.J. FergusonP 1997ngArchaeological Cultures and Cultural Affiliation - Hopi and Zuni Perspectives in the American SouthwestAmerican Antiquity624600-608Donnan, Christopher B. 1997HBA Chimu-Inka Ceramic-Manufacturing Center from North Coast of PeruLatin American Antiquity8u1 30-55NGAnalyzes the samples of molds and over-fired shreds of Chimu-Inka ceramic-manufacturing center dating 1470-1532 A.D. at Jeqeutepeque Valley of northern Peru. Production of mold-made utility wares; Development of the ceramic technology in the region; Ceramics collected from the surface of the site; Composition of the ceramics.Donovan, D. T. 19662+Stratigraphy: An Introduction to Principles\ London George Allen and UnwinDoolittle, William E. 1988tmPre-Hispanic Occupance in the Valley of Sonora, Mexico: Archaeological Confirmation of Early Spanish ReportsD=Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona Number 48i Tucson "University of Arizona PresscWilliam E. Doolittle 1992^WHouse-Lot Gardens in the Gran Chichimeca: Ethnographic Cause for Archaeological Concern Thomas W. Killion ^WGardens of Prehistory: The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica  Tuscaloosa "University of Alabama Pressi 69-91i(!on file, Mesoamerica, archaeology :3William E. Doolittle James A. Neely Michael D. Pool 1993`ZA Method for Distinguishing between Prehistoric and Recent Water and Soil Control Features Kiva591 7-25NGon file, water, water management, archaeology, North America, New WorldtzRock alignments built for controlling the flow of water and its effects on soil, and known by a number of terms including check dams, terraces, linear borders, and trincheras, have troubled Southwestern archaeologists for years. Especially problematical are attempts to determine the ages of such features; recently built rock alignemtns can be easily confused with prehistoric ones. This paper identifies 13 morphological elements of rock alignments and discusses their value in determining age. It offers a method for distinguishing between prehistoric and recent water and soil control features when no other evidence is available.Doolittle, William E.  1993f_Canal Irrigation at Casas Grandes: A Technological and Developmental Assessment of its Origins (!Anne I. Woosley John C. Ravesloot>8Culture and Contact Charles C. Di Peso's Gran Chichimeca DragoonN Amerind Foundation133-151("New World Studies Series, Number 2Dormaar, John F. 1976D=Effect of Boulderflow on Soil Transformation Under Tipi Rings{Plains Anthropologist\21115-118{Dormaar, John F. 1989f`Soil Transformation Under Boulders In Situ as a Means of Relative Dating of Archaeological SitesPlains Anthropologisto34205-207 & Dormaar, John F. Beaudoin, A. B. 1991}Application of Soil Chemistry to Interpret Cultural Events at the Calderwood Buffalo Jump (DkPj-27), Southern Alberta, Canada\Geoarchaeology61 85-98$Dormaar, John F. Walker, B. D. 1996leElemental Content of Animal Licks along the Eastern Slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Southern Alberta}& Canadian Journal of Soil Science76509-512$Dormaar, John F. Willms, W. D. 1997F?Effect of Forty-four Years of Grazing on Fescue Grassland Soilsl"Journal of Range Managementr51122-126$Dormaar, John F. Willms, W. D. 2000VOA Comparison of Soil Chemical Characteristics in Modified Rangeland Communities"Journal of Range Management53453-458Dornan, Jennifer L.t 2002B8Culture and Contact Charles C. Di Peso's Gran Chichimeca Dragoonl Amerind Foundation("New World Studies Series, Number 2HAInterpreting Prehistoric Cultural Diversity in the Arizona DesertkDozier, Edward P.e 1951F@Resistance to Acculturation and Assimilation in an Indian PuebloAmerican Anthropologistr531p 56-66o H./-^}|{zyxEggert, Manfred K. H. 1977@:Prehistoric Archaeology and the Problem of Ethno-Cognition Anthropos+72242-255&archaeological theory cognitionManfred K. H. Eggert 1989\UImbonga and Batalimo: ceramic evidence for early settlement of equatorial rain forests$African Archaeological Review5129-1464Eidt, Robert C.o 1973D=A Rapid Chemical Field Test for Archaeological Site SurveyinglAmerican Antiquity382l206-210t2,anthrosols, soils, sediments, soil chemistryEidt, Robert C.o 1977D=Detection and Examination of Anthrosols by Phosphate Analysis Sciencen 197S 1327-1333fEidt, Robert C.T 1984:4Methodology of Phosphate Analysis: Field Applicationb\Advances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Colombia  Milwaukeek @:Center for Latin American Studies, University of WisconsinEidt, Robert C.r 1984rkAdvances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Columbia, South Americab  Milwaukee, WI1 81Center for Latin America, University of WisconsinEidt, Robert C.a 1985LFTheoretical and Practical Considerations in the Analysis of Anthrosols Rapp, G. Gifford, J. A.Archaeological Geology  New Haven, CTc Yale University Press155-190i(!Jeffrey L. Eighmy Jerry B. Howards 1991JCDirect Dating of Prehistoric Canal Sediments using ArchaeomagnetismAmerican Antiquity561 88-102PJon file, irrigation, water management, dating, American Southwest, HohokamThe problems with dating prehistoric canals are renowned, due to the fact they seldom contain material appropriate for traditional dating methods. However, the application of archaeomagnetic techniques may offer a method of dating canals in those regions where master curves of polar wandering already exist. Detrital remanent magnetism in Hohokam canal sediments seems to produce accurate dates with ranges of ca. 200 years, twice the resolution of previous canal-dating attempts. However, at least some of the sediments seem to record inclinations that are less accurate than the declinations. In these cases, the declination values for the sediments can be compared to master declinations curves as a method of dating the sediments.lEkholm, Gordon F.  19404.The Archaeology of Northern and Western Mexico BPuebloan Past and Present: Papers in Honor of Stewart Peckham *$Archaeological Society of New Mexico 57-70o&atalaya communication ethnologyorq( TIHrZ(*$&~0)Emerson, Thomas E., and Randall E. Hughesh 2000TMFigurines, flint clay sourcing, the Ozark highlands, and Cahokian acquisitionAmerican Antiquity651s 79-101LEceramics, figurines, compositional analysis, Ozark highlands, Cahokiat"Engelmark, R. Linderholm, J. 1996HBPrehistoric Land Management and Cultivation: A Soil Chemical Study`YThe Sixth Nordic Conference on the Application of Scientific Methods in Archaeology, 1993\ Esbjerg, Sweden,%Entwistle, Jane A. Abrahams, Peter W. 1997Multi-Elemental Analysis of Soils and Sediments from Scottish Historical Sites: The Potential of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Site Investigation(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencee24407-416-@9Entwistle, Jane A. Abrahams, Peter W. Dodgshon, Robert A.a 1998Multi-Elemental Analysis of Soils from Scottish Historical Sites: Interpreting Land-Use History through the Physical and Geochemical Analysis of Soil(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencee25 53-688@9Entwistle, Jane A. Abrahams, Peter W. Dodgshon, Robert A.o 2000The Geoarchaeological Significance and Spatial Variability of a Range of Physical and Chemical Soil Properties from a Former Habitation Site, Isle of Skye(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencec27287-303L@9Entwistle, Jane A. Dodgshon, Robert A. Abrahams, Peter W.f 2000An Investigation of Former Land-use Activity through the Physical and Chemical Analysis of Soils from the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebridese Archaeological Prospection7171-188o Epenshade, Christopher T.v 1997Mimbres pottery, births, and gender: a reconsideration [comments on M. Hegmon and WR Trevathan in American Antiquity 1996 (61:4) 747-754]American Antiquity624t733-736u60gender, ceramics, Mimbres, Southwest, New MexicoClaire Epstein 1985F@Laden Animal Figurines from the Chalcolithic Period in PalestineD=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) 258 53-62aEpstein, Jeremiah F. r 1991NHCabeza de Vaca and the Sixteenth-Century Copper Trade in Northern MexicoAmerican Antiquity563474-482Erasmus, Charles J. 1968LEThoughts on Upward Collapse: An Essay on Explanation in Anthropology*$Southwestern Journal of Anthropology24170-19434-archaeological theory cultural evolution MayaErtem, E. Demirci, S.o 1999TM Characteristics of Hittite Pottery Sherds from Sites in the Kizilirmak Basin(!Journal of Archaeological Science268 1017-1024Espejo, Antonietao1952-53 ^XDos Tipos de Alfarera Negro-sobre-anaranjado en la Cuenca de Mxico y en el Totonacapan2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolgicos2 XIII 2-3 403-412l mesoamericaG^XStudy of Aztec ceramics. Interaction between the Basin of Mexico and the Totonac region.rUarchaeology aztec central ceramics gulf mesoamerica postclassic prehispanic veracruz iSusan T. Evans 1992^XThe Productivity of Maguey Terrace Agriculture in Central Mexico during the Aztec Period Thomas W. Killion^WGardens of Prehistory: The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica  Tuscaloosa "University of Alabama Pressi 92-115(!on file, Mesoamerica, archaeologyi$Evershed, R. P. Bethell, P. H. 1996Application of Multimolecular Biomarker Techniques to the Identification of Fecal Material in Archaeological Soils and Sediments Orna, Mary VirginiadLFArchaeological Chemistry: Organic, Inorganic, and Biochemical Analysis Washington, DC American Chemical Societym"ACS Symposium Series No. 625Ezzo, Joseph A. 1992D=Dietary Change and Variability at Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona{,&Journal of Anthropological Archaeology1138219-289tstable isotopes SWEzzo, Joseph A.t 1994ztPutting the "Chemistry" Back into Archaeological Bone Chemistry Analysis: Modeling Potential Paleodietary Indicators,&Journal of Anthropological Archaeology13 1-34stable isotopes SW dietFanning, Delvin Seymour 19894-Soil: Morphology, Genesis, and Classification New York John Wiley and Sons0$Farley, James A. Gisiger, Anne 1996TMManaging the Infrastructure: The Use of a Corporate Metadata for Archaeology Maschner, Herbert D. G.b\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press275-300.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23t pbk.'archaeology methodology GIS methodology.Farmer, Malcolm F.  1957 V:A Suggested Typology of Defensive Systems of the Southwest >!Southwest Journal of Anthropologyl 13 $249-266a .atalaya referencew Farrand, William R.n 1985$Rockshelter and Cave Sediments J. K. Stein W. R. Farrandr*#Archaeological Sediments in Contexto Orono; ^XCenter for the Study of Early Man, Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine 21-391Fay, George E. 1967F@An Archaeological Study of the Peralta Complex in Sonora, Mexico.(Department of Anthropology and Sociology Greely Colorado State College MA ThesistJames K. Feathersn 1989PJEffects of Temper on Strength of Ceramics: repsonse to Bronitsky and HamerAmerican Antiquity543579-588Fedick, Scott L. 1995,&Indigenous Agriculture in the Americas("Journal of Archaeological Research34n257-30381agriculture archaeology domestication subsistencecScott L. Fedicke 1996D=The Managed Mosaic: Ancient Maya Agriculture and Resource Usey Salt Lake City University of Utah Pressxqon file, Mesoamerica, Maya, agriculture, water management, subsistence, botanical and faunal studies, cultivation"Feeley, John Feeley, Barbara 1980haThe Soil Conservation Service and the Iowa Conservation Commission: Two Tools in Iowa Archaeology\4-The Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society27108-111$Feinman, Gary M. Neitzel, Jill 1984RLToo Many Types: An Overview of Sedentary Prestate Societies in the Americas Schiffer, Michael B.2,Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory New York Academic Press7 39-102$archaeology politics chiefdomsGary Feinman et al,  1989tmA Technological Perspective on Changes in the Ancient Oaxacan Grayware Ceramic tradition: Preliminary results"Journal of Field Archaeology163331-344:3Feinman, Gary M. Lightfoot, Kent G. Upham, Steadman 2000TMPolitical Hierarchies and Organizational Strategies in the Puebloan SouthwestAmerican Antiquity65449-470 leadership"social integration PuebloanlFeldman, William M. 1978*$Rabbinical Mathematics and Astronomy New York  Hermon Press third editionCsignaling, calendar9cited in Holzmann 1996Ferguson, T. J.t 1981haThe Emergence of Modern Zuni Culture and Society: A Summary of Zuni Tribal History A.D. 1450-17002 Wilcox, D.R. Masse, W.B.NHThe Protohistoric Period in the North American Southwest, A.D. 1450-1700 Tempe @:Arizona State University Anthropological Research Paper 24335-353Western PuebloW Pueblo protohistoric= Kelley, J Charles Ellen Abbott 1964HBThe Cultural Sequence on the North Central Frontier of MesoamericaJCPaper Presented at the XXXVI International Congress of Americanists P I Durango and Zacatecas have extreme outposts of Mesoamerica. Mesoamerican enclaves lasted until perhaps A.D. 1350. Kelley concentrated four field season in the Guadiana Valley in the 1950's. During the 1960's research moved south from there. They state that Loma San Gabriel culture exists a$Kelley, J Charles Ellen Abbott 1964HBThe Cultural Sequence on the North Central Frontier of MesoamericaJCPaper Presented at the XXXVI International Congress of Americanists  P IDurango and Zacatecas have extreme outposts of Mesoamerica. Mesoamerican enclaves lasted until perhaps A.D. 1350. Kelley concentrated four field season in the Guadiana Valley in the 1950's. During the 1960's research moved south from there. They state that Loma San Gabriel culture exists along the east slopes and foothills of the Sierra Madres in Durango and Chihuahua. The Tepehuan Indians may be survivors of Loma San Gabriel culture (with some Chalchihuites influence thrown in). Loma San Gabriel is much closer to Southwestern archaeology that Mesoamerican. No direct survivors of Chalchihuites culture are known. A quick review of previous work on Chalchihuites culture follows. The earliest Chalchihuites sites may be on the Rio Suchil beginning around A.D. 100. Chalchihuites colonists probably arrived in the Guadiana Valley around A.D. 600. Chalchihuites culture extended out almost to the Chihuahua border. Two sets of phases are defined for the Suchil branch of Chalchihuites. They end around A.D. 850. Descriptions of the phases, largely based on pottery follow. Canutillo phase sites are summarized as small farming villages. The following Alta Vista phase is based on the sites of the same name. Plumed serpents appear on some pottery from this phase which ends around A.D. 550. Bowls from this interval often have quartered layouts in their interiors. They attribute much of the Mesoamerican influence from this time to Classic Teotihuacan (Teotihuacan III). The quartering can be traced back to the Middle Pre-Classic in the Valley of Mexico (e.g. Chupicuaro). The following Calichal and Retoo phases are times of population decrease ending in abandonment around A.D. 850 (tentatively). The first Guadiana branch phase is the La Atalaya phase founded around A.D. 550. The Guadiana branch begins with colonization from Suchil groups. (* The Guadiana phases are reviewed in another Kelley article and not listed out here). Most information about the Guadiana branch comes from the Schroeder Site near the city of Durango. La Atalaya arrivals found the area sparsely inhabited by Loma San Gabriel people. The latter lived in small houses outlined by stone cimientos, often having stone paved floors, and arranged in rectangular compounds. They built stone platforms on hilltops and often terraced hillsides. They made friable sand tempered pottery without legs. Loma San Gabriel culture persisted throughout the tenure of Chalchihuites culture in the area. The Rio Tunal phase is placed from A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1200. Pottery from this time shows a possible Southwestern influence. There is an especially close relationship to Three Circle red-on-white pottery. Guasave trade goods also appear at this time. Chalchihuites occupation of central Durango evidently ends around A.D. 1350. *There are no direct references to Chihuahuan culture. 1974>8The Geology and Paleopedology of the Cherokee Sewer Site4-The Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society21 17-50Hammond, F. W. 19834.Phosphate Analysis of Archaeological Sediments "Reeves-Smyth, T. Hammond, F.& Landscape Archaeology in Ireland Oxford $British Archaeological Reports 47-80B.A.R. No. 116Hantman, Jeffrey Lewis 1983VPSocial Networks and Stylistic Distributions in the Prehistoric Plateau Southwest RRRRRF5555ii---eeeeeeeeeeffff]]]]]VVkkbbL_ccdlppgqqrsttttuu00033311wwwwwwwwhvxyn{{~}}}}668888888887777777;;:=====87:966D@54>`36/Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Sciencee724o 20-39 archaeology Mexicot n Pailes endorses logical-positiMichelle Hegmon 1994XRPueblo I ceramic Production in Southwest Colorado: Analysis of Igneous Rock Temper Kiva60371-390.,Hegmon, Michelle  1995 `DThe Social Dynamics of Pottery Style in the Early Puebloan Southwest  ,Cortez, Colorado  >!Crow Canyon Archaeological Center $Hegmon, Michelle Plog, Stephen 1996PJRegional Social Interaction in the Northern Southwest: Evidence and Issues Fish, P.R. Reid, J. J.ZSInterpreting Southwestern Diversity: Underlying Principles and Overarching Patterns Tempe D>Arizona State University Anthropological Research Paper No. 48 23-34economic0)Hegmon, Michelle, and Wenda R. Travathano 1996Gender, anatomical knowledge and pottern production: implications of an anatomically unusual birth depicted on Mimbres pottery from southwester New MexicoAmerican antiquity614747-7545,%New Mexico, Mimbres, gender, ceramicsc.'Hegmon, Michelle and Wenda R. Trevathans 1997JDResponse to comments by LeBlanc, by Epenshade, and by Shaffer et al.American Antiquity624c737-739,%ceramics, gender, Mimbres, New MexicoM4-Hegmon, Michelle Nelson, Margaret C. Ruth, S.  1998Abandonment, Reorganization, and Social Change: Analyses of Pottery and Architecture from the Mimbres Region of the American SouthwestAmerican Anthropologist 100n148-162 abandonmentg,&social integration Mimbres abandonmentHegmon, Michelle 1998JCTechnology, Style, and Social Practices: Archaeological Approachese Stark, Miriam T.*$The Archaeology of Social Boundaries  Washington $Smithsonian Institution Pressu264-279:4Hegmon, Michelle, Margaret Nelson, and Susan M. Ruth 1998VOAbandonment and Reorganization in the Mimbres Region of the American Southwest. American Anthropologist5 1001148-163jcProvides information on an investigation of the abandonment at the end of the Mimbres Classic Period as a process of reorganization within a larger social context. Analyses of the pottery and architecture indicating material changes; Information on the social implications of material culture change and variation; Conclusion reached on the investigation.ajdHegmon, Michelle Nelson, Margaret C. Anyon, Roger Creel, Darrell LeBlanc, Steven A. Shafer, Harry J. 1999leScale and Time-Space Systematics in the Post-A.D. 1100 Mimbres Region of the North American Southwest Kiva652143-165Mogollon/MimbresMimbres generalHegmon, Michelle 2000*$Advances in Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology2+Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory73Hegmon, Michelle 2002\VRecent Issues in the Archaeology of the Mimbres Region of the North American Southwest("Journal of Archaeological Research104sHegmon, Michelle 2002@:More than Just a Pretty Pot: Issues in Mimbres Archaeology("Journal of Archaeological ResearchMogollon/MimbresMimbres generaln4.Best synthesis as of 2002; publication pending& Heidenreich, C. E. Konrad, V. A. 1973xqSoil Analysis at the Robitaille Site, Part 2 : A Method Useful in Determining the Location of Long House Patterns\Ontario Archaeologyl20 33-62James Heidke Mark Elsonc 1988HATucson Basin Stucco-Coated Plain ware: A Technological Assessment.The Kiva533273-285 Edward Heite 1983B Brush1992 Brush19964 Bryan1943 Bryant1984 Bryant1984 Bryant1986? Bryson19855 Buck1989@ Buckley19686 Buckman1969Buikstra1981Buikstra19847 Bull1999O Bullard1974A Bullock1991B Bullock19928 Buol1980C Bura1996 Burgh1959D Burns19729Burrough1986 Burton1993 Burton1996A Bush19919B Bush19919 Butterwick19969 Butts1997: Butzer1971E Butzer1980F Butzer1982Buxeda i Garrigos1999 Byrd1997V Caballero1996 Cabrera1991Cabrera Castro1988 Caddy1985 Caddy1989Cadiente19979DCailleux19811 Cairo2000; Caley1967Callahan1987Callahan1988T Cameron1993U Cameron1995 Cameron1995d Cameron1995 Cameron1999V Cameron2001 Camilli1996G Cancian1992H Cann1988/ Cannon19830 Cannon1984H Cannon1989 Cano Salas1989 Canouts1990{ Canouts1994 Canouts1994^Caabate1996_Caabate1999I Carey1931J Carey1954K Carey1956H Carlevato1989L Carlson1982W Carmichael1990M Carmichael1990NCarneiro1970OCarneiro1972PCarneiro1974QCarneiro1981RCarneiro1994 Carpenter1999S Carr1935 Carr1990 Carr1990 Carr1993 Carr20000 Carrel19949Carstens1983T Carter1945 Carter19535< Carter1956U Carter1988= Carter1993 Carter19944> Carter1995 Carter2002Carvajal1989 Carver1985V Casas1996Casasola1978Casimir de Brizuela1995 Cassidy1959 Castellanos1988Castelln Huerta1993W Castetter1942Castillo1999u? Cate1964@ Catt1976U Catt19871X Catts1986 Cavallaro1988ACavanagh19885 Cavanaugh1989X Ceci1980Y Chance1985*Chandrasekharam1985B Chang1957Z Chang1958[ Chang1967 Charles1984Charlton2000Charters1997 Chase1984 Chase1984 Chase1985Q Chase1993C Chaya1996\ Cheal1993 Chen1999D Cherkinsky1993E Cherkinsky1993 Cherry19833] Cherry1986 Cherry19866E Chichagova1993^ Childe1951_ Chippindale1989Chisholm1991EChisholm1994 Christenson19942 Christenson2004 Chudek20000 Church19966 Church2005Ciolek-Torrello1994%Ciolkosz1977$Ciolkosz1993 Ciudad Ruiz1988t Clark1973L Clark1987X Clark1988` Clark1993 Clark1995F Clark1996 Clark1997 Clark1997r Clark2001a Clarke1968 Clay1983n Clendinnen1985b Clune1960 Clune Jr.1960c Cobean1971 Cobean1987@ Cobean19999c Coe1971 Coenegracht1989Cogswell1998d Cohen1977e Cohn1962f Cohn1968 Colee1971X Coleman1986A Colinvaux1991B Colinvaux1991g Collier1996! Collins1971Q Collins1993i Collins1996 Colton1956G Compton1962h Conkey1984i Conkey1985j Conkey1989k Conkey1991l Conkey1997XConnelly1979H Connor1989I Connor1991I Connor1991J Conway1983K Cook1965} Cook19727 Cooper-Clark1938 Cooperativen.d.m Corbin1995 Cordell1979Y Cordell1979n Cordell1980o Cordell1980p Cordell1980q Cordell1980r Cordell1984  Cordell1989s Cordell1989t Cordell1993Z Cordell1994u Cordell1994 Cordell1995[ Cordell1996\ Cordell1997LCornwall1953MCornwall1958NCornwall1960OCornwall1963PCornwall1963MCosgrove1949MCosgrove1949 Costin1989 Costin1991 Cotkin1999Q Coultas1993 Courlander1971 Courtin1983R Courty1990S Courty1991 Courty1995 Courty1998u Covich19988T Cowgill1961v Cowgill1989w Cowgill1989 Cowgill1991 Cowgill1996n Cowgill2000U Cox2000 Crdova1991VCraddock1985] Craig2000 Creamer1992 Creamer1993^ Creamer1996 Creel1991 Creel1999W Cresser19935 Crown1984_ Crown1987 Crown1990 Crown1991` Crown1991a Crown1991b Crown1994c Crown1994x Crown1994d Crown2000 Crownn.d.y Crumley1994z Crumley1994{ Crumley1995| Culbert1973 Culbert1987}Culbert1988?~Cullinan1992Cummings1974Cummings1995X Cunningham1986 Curet1993 Curet1994 Curet1994 Curet1996 Curet1997 Curtin1984 Curtis1924 Cushing1882U Cusik2000X Custer1986 Cutler1960Cyphers Guilln1980Cyphers Guilln1987Cyphers Guilln1990D'Altroy1990F Dahlin1989 Dalla Bona1996 Dancey19833 Daneels1995 Daneels1996 Daniel1964Y Daniels1961Conway1983K Cook1965 Cordell1979Y Cordell1979  Cordell1989Z Cordell1994 Cordell1995[ Cordell1996\ Cordell1997LCornwall1953MCornwall1958NCornwall1960OCornwall1963PCornwall1963Q Coultas1993 Courtin1983R Courty1990S Courty1991u Covich19988T Cowgill1961U Cox2000 Crdova1991VCraddock1985] Craig2000^ Creamer1996 Creel1991 Creel1999W Cresser1993_ Crown1987 Crown1991` Crown1991a Crown1991b Crown1994c Crown1994d Crown2000X Cunningham1986U Cusik2000X Custer1986F Dahlin1989Y Daniels1961 jGregg, Susan A.Gregory, D. A.Gremillion, Kristen J.Griffith, M. A.Grinnell, JosephGroenewoudt, Bert J.Grove, David C.Gruber, Jacob W.Grygiel, RyszardGuderjan, Thomas H.Gurin-Pace, FranceGuilaine, JeanGuillermo, PrezGuilliem Arroyo, SalvadorGumerman, G. J.Gumerman, George J.,(Gumerman, George J., and Jeffrey S. Dean,(Gumerman, Linda S. Cordell and George J. Gunn, J. D. Gunneweg, Jan Gupta, Akhil Gurney, D.Gurney, David A.Guthrie, R. L.Gwyn, Q. H. J. H., MatsumotoHaas, JonathanHabicht-Mauche, Judith A.Hackbarth, M.R.Hackbarth, Mark R.Hackenberg, R. A.Hackett, Charles W.Hagstrum, Melissa B. Hains, M. Hall, G. F.Hall, Grant D.Hallberg, George R.Hally, David J.Halstead, PaulHamaker, J. W.Hammer, Robert Hammond, F.Hammond, F. W.Hammond, George P.Hammond, NormanHammond, Peter B.Hammond, Peter B. (ed) Hancock, R.Hancock, R. G. V.Hancock, R.G.V. Handy, R. L.Hanson, Craig AHanson, John A.Hantman, Jeffrey LewisHarbottle, Garman Hard, R. J.Hard, Robert J.,)Hardin, Margaret A., and Barbara J. MillsHardin, Perry J.Hardy, Lieut. R.W.H.Harlow, Francis H. Harner, R. F. Harper, K. T.Harpstead, Milo I.Harrington, John PeabodyHarris, Edward C.Harris, MarvinHarris, Trevor M.Harrison, Peter D.Harrison, Richard J.Harrison, Roman G. Hart, F.A.Hasenstab, Robert J. Haskett, Bret Hassan, F. A.Hassan, Fekri A. Hassig, Ross Hastorf, CHastorf, ChristineHastorf, Christine A. Hatcher, H.Haury, Emil W.Hausenbuiller, R. L.Haviland, William A. Hay, C.L.Hayashida, Frances M. Hayden, B. Hayden, Brian$!Hayden, Brian, and Rick SchultingHayden, Julian D.Hays, Kelley AnnHays-Gilpin, K.Hays-Gilpin, Kelley Healy, P. F. Hebda, R. J.Heckman, Robert A.`[Heggenhougen, Kris, Michelle Hegmon, James R. Allison, Hector Neff, and Michael D. Glascock Hegmon, M.Hegmon, Michelle,'Hegmon, Michelle and Wenda R. Trevathan,)Hegmon, Michelle, and Wenda R. Travathan84Hegmon, Michelle, Margaret Nelson, and Susan M. RuthHeidenreich, C. E. Heidke, J. M. Heidke, James Hein, Don Heite, Edward Heizer, R. F.Heizer, Robert F.Heizer, Robert FlemingHelms, Mary W. Helms, Svend Henderson, J.Henderson, JohnHenderson, T. KathleenHendon, Julia A.("Hendricks, Rick and John P. WilsonHenrickson, E. F.Henrickson, Elizabeth F.Herbich, IngridHerbick, IngridHermes, BernardHernndez Aranda, JudithHernndez S., GildaHernndez, Carlos Herold, L.C.Herold, Laurence C. Heron, C. Herr, S.Herrera, R. S. Herz, NormanHester, Thomas R.Heuett, Mary LouHevly, Richard H.Hewett, Edgar L.(%Heyden, Fernando Horcasitas and DorisHibben, Frank C.Hicks, Frederic Higgs, E. Higgs, EricHildebrand, John A.0+Hildebrand, John A. and Melissa B. HagstrumHill, Christopher L.Hill, David V.Hill, J. Brett Hill, J. N.Hill, James N. Hill, Kim83Hill, W.W. edited and annotated by Charles H. Lange Hillel, D.Hiraoka, Yoshihiro Hirst, S.Hirth, Kenneth G.\VHistoria), Direccin de Monumentos Prehispanicos (Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Ho Kim, Eun Hoard, R. J. Hodder, IanHodge, Frederick W.Hodge, Frederick WebbHodge, Mary G.Hodges, Richard Hole, F. D.Holladay Jr., John S.Holladay, John S.Holland, Thomas D.Holley, George R.Holliday, V. T.Holliday, Vance T. Holmes, W. H.Holmlund, James P. Holt, D.Holzmann, Gerard J.,a`"Lee Jr., Thomas A. 19784.The Origin and Development of Plumbate Pottery2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolgicos XXIV3h287-300y mesoamericaafJarchaeology central ceramics epiclassic maya mesoamerica prehispanic tula Lehmer, Donald J.  1948("The Jornada Branch of the Mogollon>7University of Arizona Social Science Bulletin Number 17 Tucson "University of Arizona Pressw99*$The Jornada Branch divides into two: ** North South ** San Andres El Paso ** Three Rivers Dona Ana ** Capitan Mesilla ** ** Lehmer's views are largely based on fieldwork in the Tularosa Basin. Descriptions of regional physiography and excavated sites follow. This includes pithouse and pueblo sites. The puebloan Bradfield Site, near Las Cruces, is considered a typical El Paso Phase village. Pottery includes Gila, Ramos and Babicora Polychromes plus Playas Red Incised. A few Ramos and Babicora sherds show up at pueblo sites near Almogordo although El Paso Polychrome is far more abundant. There is also an interesting collection of stone effigies from these sites. There were a few flexed burials below floors and presumably more burials (not found) elsewhere. The Jornada area is described as extending from above Carrizozo to below Villa Ahumada, and from 75 miles west of El Paso to 150 miles east of El Paso. The southern limit is largely based on Brand's work. Mesilla phase structures are pit houses with El Paso Brown pottery. No Dona Ana Phase sites were excavated as of 1948. They seem to have used both pithouses and contiguous roomblocks. Intrusive pottery includes Mimbres Classic Black on White and Alma Plain. The distribution for the El Paso Phase is roughly the southern two thirds of the Jornada area. Consistent intrusives in El Paso Phase sites include Gila Polychrome, Ramos Polychrome and Playas Red Incised. There are a few Babicora Polychromes also. El Paso sites have basin metates, palettes, copper bells, animal effigies, and stone balls. Gila Polychrome was presumably obtained from the Animas Phase. There are isolated occurrences of El Paso Polychrome from around Phoenix to Presidio, Texas. Lehmer "predicts" that it will also occur in Ramos Phase sites in Chihuahua. El Paso Phase intrusives, including Ramos Polychrome, consistently date to the 13th and 14 centuries. The El Paso Phase probably disappeared by A.D. 1375 or 1400. The El Paso Phase was originally named by Sayles.Lekson, Stephen H. 1984Dating Casas GrandesThe Kiva501 55-60d^This is largely a review of LeBlanc's chronology for Casas Grandes. Lekson believes that an end date for the Medio period should be about one century later than LeBlanc suggests. The paper begins with a review of Di Peso's chronology. Di Peso ended the Medio period at A.D. 1340; LeBlanc placed it around A.D. 1300. Part of this is based on dates for Gila Polychrome, which run about A.D. 1300 to 1450 in Arizona. Gila polychrome is present at Casas Grandes. LeBlanc ties Gila polychrome to the Animas and Black Mountain phases in New Mexico, which he sees ending about 1300 A.D. He also believes the end of these phases matches the end of Medio Casas Grandes. He sees the Black Mountain phase as an extension of Casas Grandes. Lekson (incorrectly) says the Black Mountain phase lacks Gila Polychrome so the whole argument is irrelevant. Radiocarbon dates from the Buena Fe phase at Paquim are not end dates. Lekson dates the Buena Fe phase from about A.D. 1130-1150 to 1300. Dating on the Paquim phase is largely from tree-ring dates. The last construction date is later than A.D. 1338. So Lekson gives the following table: **Buena Fe A.D. 1130-1150 to 1300 **Paquim 1300 to 1400 **Diablo early A.D. 1400's **The essence of the whole argument is the dates of Gila polychrome which run to A.D. 1450.Lekson, Steve H. 199081Mimbres Archaeology of the Upper Gila, New Mexicoh Tucson @:Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 53Mogollon/MimbresMimbres generalM skimLekson, Steve H. 1991.(Settlement Patterns and the Chaco Region Crown, P.J. Judge, W.J.sPIChaco and Hohokam: Prehistoric Regional Systems in the American Southwesta Santa Fe (!School of American Research Pressn 31-35 ChacoH Chaco settlement patternssLekson, Steve H. 199282The Surface Archaeology of Southwestern New Mexico The Artifact303SMogollon/MimbresMimbres generalw "$S. K. McIntosh Kevin McDonalde 19894.Sponge Spicules in POttery: New Data from Mali"Journal of Field Archaeology1642489-493o McKern, W. C. 1939LFThe Midwest Taxonomic Method as an Aid to Archaeological Culture StudyAmerican Antiquity4301-313 X "Archaeologists are often unable to link prehistoric archaeological remains with historic or protohistoric cultural groups, yet diverse data recovered from different areas probably implies a different cultural source, thus warranting terminological and classificatory segregation. Ethnological classification is basd on linuistic data, which are not recovered by the archaeologist. Our classifications need to be based on data which we recover. Also, ethnological classifications can not take into account spatial and temporal change, which the archaeologist must do. An easy method for creating segregated labels for culture groups is to use artifactual traits and features from a site. Using a common method, archaeologists should be able to avoid generalized terms such as 'culture' (which can denote anyting from a square mile to 1000 square miles) and use more particularistic terms. This will enable archaeologists to communicate intelligibly with each other." Terminology The midwest taxonomic method proposes the following terms: culture complex = all the traits of a given cultural manifestation (trait list) determinant = a trait used to segregate two compared culture manifestations linked traits = traits shared in common by two distinct culture manifestations diagnostic traits = traits occuring in only one of a pair of compared culture manifestations Logically, only diagnostic traits can serve as determinants for a pair of manifestations, yet in another pair the same traits may be linked, and thus would not be determinant. Focus = multiple sites bearing identical traits Component = one part of a site in a focus which shares identity with other components Aspect = multiple sites bearing a significant number of linked traits Phase = determined by a near majority of linked traits among compared aspects Pattern = general traits shared by a number of phases Base = very general traits (like hunting and gathering, or ceramic making) shared by patterns Problems Can't use quantification due to lack of data (since the trait lists are based on paradigmatic classification, they are constantly changing as new data are added), and due to classification decisions being based on qualitative opinions. Closeness within the classification scheme should not be considered a determinant of homology, but should be considered as indicators of possible homology, something to be researched. No temporal association with classes, so can't be used to examine cultural evolution !    # d o        < E ` f        % & - U `     0*Archaeology history chronology archaeology"McVicar, M. J. Graves, W. J. 1997PJThe Forensic Comparison of Soils by Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy,%Canadian Society for Forensic Sciences304s 2Kreis, Bruce D.Krieger, Alex D.Krist Jr., Frank J.Kristiansen, KristianKroeber, A. L.Krotser, PaulaKrumbein, W. C.Kshirsagar, AnupamaKuehn, David D. Kuhn, S. Kuhn, T. S.Kuklinski, James H. Kumada, K. Kuper, Adam Kus, Susan M.Kvamme, KennethKvamme, Kenneth L.@Lack, Andrew, Erica Dziedzic, Neil Miller, and Matthew Peeples Lagunes Gushiken, Concepcin Lahee, F. H. Lal, RattanLamberg-Karlovsky, C. C.Lambert, J. B.Lambert, J. D. H.Lambert, Marjorie F. LaMotteLandreth, Gerald K.Landreth, Keithlange, Richard C.Lantermann, R.Laporte, Juan Pedro Lapp, NancyLarcombe, LindaLaRoque, Kent A.Larsen, Curtis E.Larson, Daniel O. Lasca, N. P. Lasca, N.P. Lasca, Norman LaskerLatas, Timothy W.Latta, Martha A.Laville, Henri Lawson, T.Leaf, Anne GatewoodLeBlanc, StevenLeBlanc, Steven A.LeCount, Lisa J.Lee Jr., Thomas A. Lee, R. B Lee, R. B.Lehmer, Donald J.Lekson, StephenLekson, Stephen H.Lekson, Steve H.Leonard Jr., AlbertLeonard, R. D. Leonard, R.D.Leonard, Robert D.Leonard, Robert L.Leonardi, GiovanniLen Garca, RicardoLesure, Richard GLeTourneau, PhilLeubben, Ralph A. Levey, M. Levine, L. D. Levy, J. E.Levy, Janet E.Lewis Beck, Michael S.Lewis, Lynne G. Lewis, R. J. Liddy, D. J.Lieberman, LeonardLiebmann, Matthew J.Lightfoot, Kent G.Lightfoot, Ricky R.Lillios, Katina T.Limbrey, SusanLinares, EliseoLinderholm, J.Linderholm, JohanLindsay, W. L. Link, Karl Link, Karl F.Linse, Angela R. Linton, R.L. Lipe, W. D.Lipe, William D. Lippi, R. D.Lira Lpez, YamileLister, Florence C.Lister, Robert H. Littin, G. R.Little, Elizabeth A.Little, John D. C. Little, P. Litton, C. D. Litvak, Jaime Liu, ZechunLivingstone, Frank B. Lizcano, R.Llewellyn, G. C.Llobera, Marcos Lock, Gary R.Lockwood, Frank C.Loney, Helen L.Long, Paul V., Jr.Longacre, William A.Longworth, I. H.Lopez Varela, Sandra L. Lorch, W. Lothrop, J. Lothrop, S.K.Lotspeich, F. B. Love, MichaelLpez Lujn, LeonardoLubinski, DavidLuby, Edward M. Lucero, LisaLudden, Andrea Ludlow, B.Lumholtz, CarlLundberg, Erik Lutz, H. J.Luzzadder-Beach, Susan Lyell, C.\XLynott, Mark J., Hector Neff, James E. Price, James W. Cogswell, and Michael D. GlascockMacCullum, S. H.MacKerrell, H.MacKinnon, J. JeffersonMacNeish, Richard S.Macnider, Barbara S.Macphail, R. I.Macphail, Richard I.MacWhite, EoinMadry, Scott L. H. Madsen, J. H.Majewski, TeresitaMalinowski, BronislawMallory-Greenough, L. MMandel, Rolfe D. Manje, J. M.Manson, Joni LManzanilla, Linda Marchese, R.Marmaduke, W. S. Marmet, E.Marquardt, W. H.Marquardt, William H.Marshall, C. Edmund,&Marshall, Michael P. and Henry J. WaltMarston, Richard A.Martin, Ann SmartMartin, Anne-Marie Martin, L. Martin, P. S.Martin, Paul S.Martin, Paul. S.Martin, Steve L. Martnez, Fernando Snchez Marumo, Y.Maschner, H. D. G.Maschner, Herbert D. G.$Maschner, Herbert Donald Graham Mason, O. T.Mason, Robert B.Mass, Jennifer Masse, W.B. Mastache F., Alba GuadalupeMastache, Alba Guadalupe0-Mastache, Alba Guadalupe and Robert H. Cobean4.Mastache, Alba Guadalupe, and Robert H. CobeanMathian, Hlne\ RLeBlanc, Steven A. T 1980"The Dating of Casas GrandestAmerican Antiquity454o799-806wV O Dates are an important part of understanding relationships between Casas Grandes and the rest of the Southwest. Di Peso thought Paquim was founded in A.D. 1060, began a decline in 1261, and fell in A.D. 1344. Leblanc argues that the site was founded between 1130 and 1150 and ceased to be a majo LeBlanc, Steven Ben Nelson 1976,%The Salado in Southwestern New MexicoThe Kiva421 71-79 The post-Archaic culture history of southwest New Mexico is divided into a Mogollon-Mimbres sequence, the Animas Phase, and the Cliff Phase, in this paper. There is a quick review of the Mogollon-Mimbres sequence. There is nothing that can relate this sequence to Salado but for one exception. Mimbres Classic Black on White and Gila Polychrome both have design bands and concentric band lines that correlate with vessel shape. The Animas Phase is reviewed next. DeAtley suggests that obsidian hydration dates may place the Pendleton Ruin much younger than Animas Phases sites are generally supposed to be. The authors assign an A.D. 1200's date to this phase. There is less Gila Polychrome than Ramos Polychrome on Animas sites. Mimbres cobble and masonry pueblos are replaced by adobe architecture with a few exceptions. Animas sites occur in more xeric settings. There is some evidence for Classic Mimbres to Animas continuity. There are Mimbres components in some Animas sites although this paper is not too elaborate about what the continuity is. Some Animas sites may have been true Casas Grandes outliers. They acknowledge the possibility of Gila Polychrome being from the 1200's A.D. in this area, meaning a southern origin, rather than in the Tonto Basin. The Cliff Phase is often considered Salado. The authors have excavated two Cliff Phase sites. Cliff Phase pottery is dominated by plainware and "obliterated corrugated' and Gila and Tonto Polychromes. Pinto Polychrome is rare. There is some Ramos Polychrome but no Playas Red Incised and no true corrugated pottery. Some of the Gila Polychrome is locally made. There is one 14C date of 142560 for the Cliff Phase. Two archaeomagnetic dates from the Kuykendall Site are around A.D. 1380. There is a hiatus between the Animas and Cliff sites in the Mimbres Valley. There are changes in settlement pattern and architecture. The authors suspect that the Cliff Phase represents migration out of the Middle Gila area. Cliff Phase sites are adobe and burials are cremations or extended. Most sites were apparently abandoned suddenly. They suggest that Casas Grandes fell by A.D. 1325 which should be a misunderstanding of some sort. In the final paragraph they go from considering to accepting the idea of Gila Polychrome being earlier in the south and tie it in to a very early end for Casas Grandes, meaning that the Tonto Basin is not the origin for Salado. *I doubt that much of this paper would be widely accepted today. There are questions about the validity of the Cliff Phase and this paper is off the marking about timing. If the distinctions between Animas and Cliff sites and the intervening hiatus are valid ideas, this poses some complex questions about local dynamics since htis would be difficult to transfer to Chihuahua. The claim that Animas sites are a distinct break with preceding Mimbres-Mogollon is interesting since some would claim Animas, if part of Casas Grandes, might also be Mogollon.lr,Ann Smart Martin 1989PIWilcoxen: Dutch Trade and Ceramics in America in the Seventheenth CenturyHistorical Archaeology232131-133 &Maschner, Herbert Donald Graham 1996Darwinian Archaeologies Jochim, Michael4.Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology New York  Plenum Press 261r1c hbk& sociobiology cultural evolutionMaschner, Herbert D. G. 19964-Geographic Information Systems in Archaeology Maschner, Herbert D. G.Ab\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press 1-21.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23e"archaeology GIS methodologya pbkr &Maschner, Herbert Donald Grahamk 1996b\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological ResearchOccasional Paper No. 23 Carbondale, IL 0*Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 315n1 pbkearchaeology GIS gis Maschner, Herbert D. G.l 1996haThe Politics of Settlement Choice on the Northwest Coast: Cognition, GIS, and Coastal Landscapes 0)Aldenderfer, Mark Maschner, Herbert D. G.u<6Anthropology, Space and Geographic Information Systems Oxford Oxford University Presso173-189<5archaeology settlement patterns GIS viewshed analysisaMaschner, Herbert D. G.s 1996ZSTheory, Technology, and the Future of Geographic Information Systems in Archaeologyv Maschner, Herbert D. G.b\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press301-308.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23t$archaeology GIS history theory pbk+*Roger C. Nance 1992PJGuzman Mound: A Late Preclassic Salt Works on the South Coast of GuatemalaAncient Mesoamerica31 27-46^WNandagopal, K. Sundararaijan, K. Ramachandran, B. Srinivasan, G. J. Chandrasekharam, P. 1985NGSoil Comparison by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, A Case Studyp2,Journal of Forensic Science Society of India1g 78-83 "Nash, D. T. Petraglia, M. D. 1987@9Natural Formation Processes and the Archaeological Record& BAR International Series No. 352 Oxford $British Archaeological ReportsR4nvironment which is reacted to, and not the actual environment. Effective Scale In general, Marquardt's effective scale is the scale at which pattern may be comprehended or meaning attributed. This must be involved with cognition. It is an 'emic' entity (he says archaeologists, as 'outs( Manje, J. M.  1954  "Tucson  0Arizona Silhouettes1  303v  :Harry J. Karns and associatesw "Minnis This source provides a unique Spanish assessment of the Pima region during the late 1600's. Data is based on several journeys made through the Pimeria Alto and Papagueria regions from 1694 to 1701. The documents provide data on agricultural products, subsistence patterns, warfare, population of the regions, and population densities for several towns along the San Pedro and Gila rivers (the Pima region averages on the whole to 5.1 inhabitants per house, while specific values range from 3.5 to 5.1 people). This provides population and subsistence data for a time period not generally covered by archaeological data or modern ethnographic data. 4Luz De Tierra Incognita. B&Pima contact Southwestern US ethnology $Manzanilla, Linda Barba, Luis. 1990`YThe Study of Activities in Classic Households: Two Case Studies from Coba and Teotihuacan Ancient Mesoamerica.1\ 41-49}RKManzanilla, Linda Barba, Luis Aburto, Sergio Urrutia, Jaime Jimnez, Manuel  1991`ZEstudio interdisciplinario de arcillas y cermicas de Teotihuacan y del centro de VeracruzAntropologa y Tcnica4a 7-55mesoamerica/archaeologyfHAarchaeology ceramics classic geology gulf prehispanic teotihuacan Marchese, R. 199282Ancient Remains in Caria: The Watchtower at ArpasAnatolian Studies. 47-51o watchtower& Marmaduke, W. S. Robinson, D. G. 1983\UThe Chuichu Survey: Evaluation of Archaeological Sites on the Edge of the Papagueriae  Flagstaff Northland Research, Inc. 2118 archaeology Hohokam survey pbkn2,Marmet, E. Bina, M. Fedoroff, N. Tabbagh, A. 1999Relationships between Human Activity and the Magnetic Properties of Soils: A Case Study in the Medieval Site of Roissy-en-France Archaeological Prospection6161-170y  dv~lzfkLewis, Lynne G. 1978ZSDrayton Hall: Preliminary Archaeological Investigation at a Low Country Plantationh Charlottesville5 "University Press of Virginia 217&excavation historic archaeologye hbktJCLewis, R. J. Foss, J. E. Morris, M. W. Timpson, M. E. Stiles, C. A.s 199382Trace Element Analysis in Pedo-archaeology Studies .(Foss, J. E. Timpson, M. E. Morris, M. W.LEProceedings of the First International Conference on Pedo-Archaeology  Knoxville University of Tennessee 81-88$Special Publication no. 93-03,%Lieberman, Leonard Reynolds, Larry T. 1975B;The Debate Over Race Revisited: An Empirical Investigation Phylon394333-343S physical anthropology raceIThe authors assert that those physical anthropologists who believe human races exist (splitters) tend to be from better (financially, status-wise, etc.) backgrounds, while those who do not believe in them (lumpers) tend to be from less priviliged backgrounds. Race was first scientifically discussed from the standpoint of monogenesis versus polygenesis, with polygenesis inherently meaning unequal. This was followed by a Boas-influenced period in which the races were considered equal. Following this, anthropologists discussed race from a standpoint of existence versus non-exixtence (splitters and lumpers). Their statistics are mediocre, with the weakest element being the identification of overdogs and underdogs. Overdogs are people who are one of the following: 1. non intermediate birth order 2. 4 grandparents born in US 3. Male 4. Born of conservative protestant/catholic mother 5. Born in or near the south. Supposedly, these are all people who are more likely to internalize the "dominant" societal values, coming from priviliged backgrounds. (So, southerners are all rich? No underdogs here, eh?) Underdogs are people who are one or more of the following: 1. intermed. birth order 2. 4 grandparents born outside US/Canada/N or W Europe 3. Female 4. Jewish 5. Born in third world. Unfortunately, we can't examine their data; if we could we might find that there is a correlation, or that there absolutely is not. I find it odd that they had to go out of their way to make underdog/overdog criteria. Why are the categories not precisely opposite? Playing with the results to make it work right, I would guess, until the numbers looked good. I think the authors are doing a good thing here by investigating this stuff, but the sociocultural reasoning behind their assertions of status is juvenile at best, and the data are suspicious.     Liebmann, Matthew J. 2002rlSigns of Power and Resistance: The (Re)creation of Christian Imagery and Identities in the Pueblo Revolt Era Robert W. Preucelb,&The Archaeologies of the Pueblo Revolt  Albuquerquei $University of New Mexico PressLightfoot, Ricky R.o 1994JCThe Duckfoot Site, Volume 2: Archaeology of the House and Householdn Cortez, Colorado @9Occasional Paper No. 4, Crow Canyon Archaeological Centern MVKsAnasazieLightfoot, Kent G. 1995jcCulture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship Between Prehistoric and Historical ArchaeologyfAmercian Antiquity602i199-217Lillios, Katina T. 1992:4Phosphate Fractionation of Soils at Agroal, PortugalAmerican Antiquity57495-5062Limbrey, Susan 1972"Soil Science and Archaeology New York  Seminar Press0Br0/=H<:3Parnell, J. Jacob Terry, Richard E. Nelson, ZacharyA 2002vpSoil Chemical Analysis Applied as an Interpretive Tool for Ancient Human Activities in Piedras Negras, Guatemala(!Journal of Archaeological Science294-379-40482Parnell, J. Jacob Terry, Richard E. Sheets, Payson 2002rlSoil Chemical Analysis of Ancient Activities in Cern, El Salvador: A Case Study of a Rapidly Abandoned SiteLatin American Antiquity133t331-342lVOCern El Salvador soil chemistry soils sediments anthrosols phosphate householdParsons, Elsie Clews 1924 Tewa Kin, Clan, and MoietyAmerican Anthropologist3263333-339 Parsons, Elsie Clews 192981The Social Organization of the Tewa of New Mexicoa:3Memoirs of the American Anthropological Associationp  Menasha, WIa AAAl36Parsons, Elsie Clews 1939Pueblo Indian Religion Chicago "University of Chicago PressrParsons, Francis B. 19600)Unusual Stone Head from Chihuahua, Mexicon El Palacio672p 66-67F@ Di Peso's field work at Paquim is mentioned. The stone head is from near Nuevas Casas Grandes. It is 27 pounds and 10.5 inches high. Parsons suggests that it was carved from a river cobble. Parsons speculates that the head represents a god. * The top of the head looks as though it may have been shaped to accomodate a headdress or wig of some sort. There is a clear photo of this carving that shows it to be much like others from Paquim, Tapiecitas, and La Raspadura. The face does not look appreciably different from those often molded onto effigy vessels.&Pate, F. Donald Hutton, John T. 1988VPThe Use of Soil Chemistry Data to Address Post-mortem Diagenesis in Bone Mineral(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencef15729-739iDiogenes Patinoa 1993d^Arqueologia del Bajio Patia, fases y correlaciones en la costa poacifica de Colombia y EcuadorLatin American Antiquity4180-1994-Paton, T. R. Humphreys, G. S. Mitchell, P. B.s 1996Soils, A New Global View  New Haven, CT\ Yale University PressrY Kvamme1996v Kvamme1996:Kyun Kim2001W Lack2001wLagunes Gushiken1995 Lahee1952 Lal1997Z Lambert1969 Lambert1983 Lambert1984 Lambert1984 LaMotte1994xLandreth1983yLandreth1990 Lantermann1988z Laporte1992{ Laporte1992| Lapp1985Larcombe19969- LaRoque2004 Larsen1985[ Larson1996 Latas1992} Latta1987~ Latta1990 Laville1976 Laville1980 Lawson2000 Leaf1972\ LeBlanc1976H LeBlanc1980] LeBlanc1980I LeBlanc1981 LeBlanc1983P LeBlanc1984O LeBlanc1986 LeBlanc1986^ LeBlanc1989 LeBlanc1996 LeBlanc1997 LeBlanc1998 LeBlanc1999 LeBlanc2001 LeCount1999_ Lee1968 Lee Jr.1978` Lehmer1948a Lekson1984 Lekson1990 Lekson1991 Lekson1992b Lekson1992 Lekson1995c Lekson1995d Lekson1995e Lekson1995f Lekson1997 Leonard1993g Leonard1993, Leonard1995 Leonard1996h Leonard1996 Leonard Jr.1989Leonardi1999 Lesure1998 Lesure1998i LeTourneau1995j Leubben1986 Levey19671 Levine19871 Levy1992k Lewis1978 Lewis1990 Lewis1993? Liddy1986l Lieberman1975~Liebmann2002 Lightfoot1994v Lightfoot1995q Lightfoot2000 Lillios1992 Limbrey1972 Linares1992  Linderholm1994~ Linderholm1996  Lindsay1978  Lindsay19798 Link1994 Link1995rm Linse1993 Lipe1989 Lipe1989 Lipe1989n Lipe1989 Lipe1995  Lippi1988 Lira Lpez1995o Lister1946p Lister1955q Lister1958r Lister1960s Lister1984s Lister1984 Lister1984 Lister1984 Littin1979N Little1997N Little1997A Litton198885 Litton19899  Litvak1990 Liu2000t Livingstone1964^ Lizcano1996u Llobera1995v Lock1996wLockwood1930 Loney2000 Long19969xLongacre1963yLongacre1970zLongacre1970Longacre1988Longacre1992t Longworth1973 Lopez Varela1992 Lorch1940 Lotspeich1961 Love19938 Lpez Lujn1994Lubinski1990) Luby19961 Lucero19922 Ludden1997 Ludlow1987{Lumholtz1902|Lumholtz1902 Lundberg19949 Lutz1951rLuzzadder-Beach1996tLuzzadder-Beach1998 Lyell1830 Lynott2000 MacCullum1994 MacCullum1994 MacKerrell1972' MacKinnon1985MacNeish1947}MacNeish1972~MacNeish1992Macnider1989Macphail1981RMacphail1990SMacphail1991Macphail1995MacWhite1956 Madry1996s Madsen1990Majewski1991 Malinowski1967Mallory-Greenough1998 Mandel1991 Manje1954 Manson1991  Manzanilla1987 Manzanilla1990 Manzanilla1991 Manzanilla1992Marchese1992 Marmaduke1983 Marmet1999 Marquardt1992 Marquardt1994Marshall1977Marshall1984 Marston1981 Martin1950 Martin1957 Martin1971 Martin1973 Martin1979 Martin1989 Martin198?rO Martin1999P Martin20033Martnez1990 Marumo1996Maschner19969Maschner1996Maschner1996Maschner1996Maschner1996Maschner1996 Mason1894 Mason1988lMastache1989@Mastache19999 Mastache F.1987C Mathian1996 Mathien1991 Matson1991 Matson1991E Matson19949Matthews1965Matthews1984 Mattingly1962 Mauldin1993 Mauldin1996J Mauldin1996 Mauss1966 Maxwell1995 Maynard1978 Mazees1975 Mazzoni1985 Mt19899 McAdams1993 McAnany1999b McBride1969 McCafferty1996 McCartney1990McCauley1990McCawley1972J McCay1975 McCay1990 McClain1980 McConnell20008 McCracken1980|McCreery1952McDonald1989 McGaw1996 McGill19959 McGill19959McGovern1988McGovern1994McGregor1950McGregor1965% McGuire1980 McGuire1981 McGuire1983 McGuire1987 McGuire1989 McGuire1989 McGuire1991 McGuire1991 McGuire1995 McGuire1996 McGuire1998McIntosh1989McIntyre1996 McKern1939Mckerrel1980 McKie2000+ McNeal1985 McVicar1997Medelln Zenil1952-53Medyckyj-Scott1996 Meeks1994 Mehlich1978 Mehlich1984 Meillassoux1972  Meja1988 Meja1992 Meline1966 Mellars1989( Mellink1982 Meloni2000 Meltzer1979 Meltzer1981 Mera1939Mercader2000Merino Carrin19871 Merlan19888 Merlo Jurez1991 Merrill1983 Merrill1992 Meyers1985[ Michaelsen1996 Middleton1989 Middleton1994 Livingstone1964^ Lizcano1996u Llobera1995v Lock1996wLockwood1930xLongacre1963yLongacre1970zLongacre1970t Longworth1973 Lorch1940 Lotspeich19618 Lpez Lujn1994) Luby19961  Ludlow1987{Lumholtz1902|Lumholtz1902 Lundberg19949 Lutz1951rLuzzadder-Beach1996tLuzzadder-Beach1998 Lyell1830 MacKerrell1972' MacKinnon1985}MacNeish1972~MacNeish1992Macphail1981RMacphail1990SMacphail1991Macphail1995MacWhite1956̀ Madry1996s Madsen1990 Mandel1991́ Manje1954 Manson1991  Manzanilla1987 Manzanilla1990 Manzanilla1991 Manzanilla1992̂Marchese1992̃ Marmaduke1983 Marmet1999̄ Marquardt1992 Marquardt1994Marshall1977 Marston1981 Martin1950̣ Martin1957 Martin1971̆ Martin1973̤ Martin1979 Martin198?rMartnez1990̖ Marumo1996Maschner19969Maschner1996̈Maschner1996̉Maschner1996̊Maschner1996̋Maschner1996̌ Mason1894C Mathian1996 Mathien1991 Matson1991̦ Matson1991Matthews1965Matthews1984 Mattingly1962 Mauldin1993 Mauldin1996 Mauss1966 Maxwell1995 Maynard1978 Mazees1975  Mt19899 McAdams1993 McCartney1990McCauley1990McCawley1972̕ McCay19908 McCracken1980|McCreery1952̖ McGaw1996 McGill19959 McGill19959McGovern1988McGregor1950% McGuire1980 McGuire1981 McGuire1983 McGuire1987 McGuire1989 McGuire1989 McGuire1991 McGuire1991 McGuire1995 McGuire1996 McGuire1998McIntyre1996̛ McKern1939+ McNeal1985 McVicar1997Medyckyj-Scott1996̓ Meeks1994 Mehlich1978 Mehlich1984  Meja1988 Meja1992 Mellars1989( Mellink1982 Meltzer1979 Meltzer1981 Merrill1983 Merrill1992[ Michaelsen1996̓ Middleton1994Naylor, Thomas H.l 1995>7Casas Grandes Outlier Ballcourts in Northwest Chihuahua Reyman, Jonathan E.\UThe Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnology of Northern Mesoamerica Brookfield, Vermonto Aveburyl225-239lvp This paper begins with a preface by David Wilcox that is a short biography of Thomas Naylor's involvement in Chihuahua. Wilcox did the final preparations on this paper. There is a cut at Paul Minnis's "Peeking Under the Tortilla Curtain" for ignoring existing data, including collections, and notes. Di Peso's work at Paquim confirmed longstanding suspicions that there are ballcourts there. Minnis (1984) stated that there are no outlying ballcourts. Several people involved with Di Peso and the University of Denver Trincheras Project have known about other ballcourts since the 1960's. (* Which is not the same as publishing accounts of them). During 1984 Naylor and Alan Phelps recorded the known outlying ballcourts. The first site is on Arroyo Tinaja 15 km upstream from the Angus Bull Ranch beside the highway to Colonia Juarez. There are three mounds immediately east of the ballcourt. There is a lot of Playas Red Incised and Ramos Polychrome at this site. The ballcourt is "I"-shaped and its long axis runs almost due north-south for 40.6 metres. The second ballcourt is on the Rio Gaviln (Camposanto). Di Peso designated this site CHIH C:14:2. This area is thick with trincheras studied by L. Herold during the 1960's. There are hundreds of ruins, of all types, within a few kilometres of this ballcourt. Most ruins in the area are stone-walled although the ruin at Camposanto is adobe. This ruin has "T"-shaped doorways and raised fire hearths. There is a lot of well-made Heurigos and Ramos polychrome pottery here. Human effigy vessels and stylized macaws seem to be common judging by the remaining sherds. Escondida polychrome sherds are also present. The long axis of the "I"-shaped ballcourt runs north-south and is 30 metres. There is one tree-ring date from this ruin with 63 rings and no cutting date (* Naylor was trained in dendrochronology). Naylor points out that the Casas Grandes tree-ring chronology of Di Peso floats because it is not tied into a modern end. The Camposanto date may be from the fourteenth century or later. Presumably this bears on the age of the ballcourt. Las Palmas, the third ballcourt, is located 50 kilometres west-southwest of Janos. There is a large mound here with a lot of Ramos and Carretas sherds. The ballcourt is 20 metres west of the main roomblock. The long axis of the ballcourt is north-south and 54 metres long. The ballcourt is a rectangle. El Alamito has a possible ballcourt. It has no surrounding mounding since it is not excavated into the ground. There is a stone perimeter that is between rectangular and weakly "I"-shaped. The stones are set on edge. Naylor speculates that this may have been a practice court. There is a large, rambling, site associated with this ballcourt. They looked for ballcourts along the middle Santa Maria, particularly around the large site near Galeana (* Since mapped by Rafael Cruz and Bob Leonard). They also looked around Zaragoza, the Babicora Plains, parts of northwest Sonora, and Carretas Hacienda without seeing any ballcourts. Outlier ballcourts are separated from Casas Grandes by at least one valley. This may reflect regional sub-systems. No ballcourts have been identified east of the Rio Casas Grandes. Naylor recommends surveying between Casa de Janos and Janos, plus the Babicora Basin, to find more ballcourts. (Both areas have been surveyed in the 1990's). * This paper is one of the few since the 1930's that sounds like the author is actually familiar with Casas Grandes sites and Chihuahua's geography. I think that all of the ballcourts described in this paper have since been recorded by Minnis and Whalen.Paquim 9z87b65.n( B. S. Orlove  1980 4Ecological Anthropologyc :Annual Review of AnthropologyL 9t $235-273u }In this critical review article, the History of ecological anthropology is seen as a series of reactionary stages. Yhe first is the Whitian and Stewardian revival of evolutionism. As a reaction to this debate, two schools coalesced to form the second stage: neoevolutionism, which sees both White and Steward as correct, synthesizing the two, and neofunctionalism, which finds them both wrong, and focuses more on ecosystem approaches. Both approaches fail to address short-term change, overgeneralize environments, and inappropriately construct units and models of process. In reaction, a third stage coalesced, called processual ecological anthropology, which focuses on short term process, conflicts between behavior and environment, actor based models and decision making. In general, there is a trend in ecological anthropology to become more historically and biologically oriented.h @#Minnis' Ecology class, Spring 1996.o 0ecology anthropology ,%Orlove, Benjamin S. Brush, Stephen B.P 199681Anthropology and the Conservation of Biodiversityo$Annual Review of Anthropologyo25329-352tanthropology diversity Ortiz, A.m 1969JDThe Tewa World: Space, Time, Being, and Becoming in a Pueblo Society Chicagoo "University of Chicago Pressl ethnographicethnographic Puebloanjust know about itOrtiz, Alfonso 1969The Tewa World Chicagoi "University of Chicago Press3 1277 Ortiz, A. 1994.(The Dynamics of Pueblo Cultural Survival Demallie, R. Adams, R. N.fHANorth American Indian Anthropology: Essays on Society and Culture Norman "University of Oklahoma Press296-306# ethnographicethnographic Puebloan Alfonso Ortizl 1994.(The Dynamics of Pueblo Cultural Survival $R. J. DeMalllie Alfonso Ortiz6HANorth American Indian Anthropology: Essays on Society and Culturet Norman "University of Oklahoma Press296-306(!Ortiz Butrn, Agustin Barba, Luis 1992F?Estudio qumico de los pisos del Satunsat, en Oxkintok, YucatanrOxkintok4i119-1260(!Ortiz Butrn, Agustn Barba, Luish 19934.La qumica en el esutdio de reas de actividad Manzanilla, Lindagd^Anatoma de un conjunto residencial Teotihuacano en Oztoyahualco, II: Los estudios especficos Ciudad de Mxico ZTInstituto de Investigaciones Antropolgicas, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico617-660NLEOrtiz Butrn, Agustn Barba, Luis Lpez Lujn, Leonardo Link, Karl F.  1994f`Stuccoed Floors: A Resource for the Study of Ritual Activities, The Case of Templo Mayor, Mxico ZSVandiver, P. B. Druzik, J. R. Galvan, Madrid, J. L. Freestone, I. C. Wheeler, G. S.0*Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology IV Pittsburgh, PA Materials Research Society723-726Ortner, Sherry B.v 199582Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal:4Society for Comparative Study of Society and History371u173-193tOttaway, J. H. 198460Persistence of Organic Phosphate in Buried Soils Nature 307.257-259Otte, M. Keeley, L.+ 1990:4The Impact of Regionalization on Paleolithic StudiesCurrent Anthropology31577-582subsistence which placed him on the road leading to complex social systems. Swidden (or slash-and-burn) agriculture specifically allowed humans to expand into the previously unoccupied humid tropics regions of the world. This form of agriculture, as examined in the Tsembaga society of New Guinea, provides energy return rates on the order of sixteen-to-one, and ecologically less disruptive than modern agricultural techniques. By also engaging in swine husbandry, the Tsembaga exemplify the ability to store excess agricultural products into an emergency food source. Compared to modern agriculture, which is based on monocrop systems, swidden agriculture, using a Diversity of crops, is ecologically less fragile, and is more rapidly self-correcting: the swidden agriculturalist is more autonomous, and less subject to local environmental stress. The eradication of this type of agriculture by the modern world system is essentially ecological imperialism, reducing the Diversity of species upon which the human species depends, and may well be maladaptive in the long run.&anthropology agriculture modelsdRautman, Alsion  1993rlResource Variability, Risk, and the Structure of Social Networks: An Example from the Prehistoric SouthwestAmerican Antiquity583E403-424bRautman, Alison E. 1998ZSHierarchy and Heterarchy in the American Southwest: A Comment on McGuire and SaittaAmerican Antiquity63325-333r leadershipleadership PuebloanMRavesloot, John C. 1984tmSocial Differentiation at Casas Grandes,Ravesloot, John C. 1979^XThe Animas Phase: The Post Classic Mimbres Occupation of the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico Department of Anthropology  Carbondale "Southern Illinois UniversityUnpublished MA Thesis82Animas archaeology Mexico Mimbres Mogollon PaquimPJ The thesis opens with a review of relationships between Casas Grandes, Mimbres and Chaco as described by Di Peso, LeBlanc, etc. The Animas Phase was explicitly defined at Pendelton Ruin by Kidder and the Cosgroves (1949) although Sayles (1936) also describes Animas Phase characteristics. The Montoya and Walsh sites in the Mimbres Valley have Animas occupations. These sites were investigated by LeBlanc (1977). LeBlanc believes that the Mimbres Valley was reoccupied by a Casas Grandes related or dominated population. The obligatory environmental review follows. LeBlanc and Nelson divide the Mimbres Valley ceramic sequence into the Mogollon-Mimbres sequence, Animas Phase and Black Mountain Phase. The Mogollon sites typically have Alma Plain pottery (defined by Wheat, 1955). About A.D. 600 people aggregate in larger pithouse villages on the first bench above the Mimbres River. Pithouses go from circular to rectangular. About A.D.900-1000 there is a shift to contiguous room architecture. Walls are coarse rubble. Classic Mimbres ends around A.D. 1150. The Mimbres Valley was presumably abandoned for a while after this. LeBlanc and Nelson (1976) consider the Black Mountain Phase to be unrelated to the Animas Phase. This is considered a Salado population overflow from the Cliff area. This phase may have ended around A.D. 1475. Willey thought that Casas Grandes was the work of Mimbres people subjected to some Mexican acculturation. LeBlanc (1976) claims that Casas Grandes usurped Chaco's trade with Mexico. (* Wouldn't the emergence of Paquim increase the potential trade network?). McCluney (n.d.) considered the Animas Phase population to be people Casas Grandes people that served as an agricultural centre for Paquim and established trade too. Descriptions of the Montoya and Walsh sites follows. The Montoya Site has 30-40 rooms and the Walsh Site about 125 rooms. Of the 23 burials found at these sites 22 were under room floors. Pottery includes, Chupadero black-on-white, El Paso polychrome, Three Rivers red-on-terracotta, St. John's polychrome, Wingate polychrome, Tucson polychrome (surface find only), Mimbres Classic black-on-white, and Chihuahuan types in minor amounts. There is no Salado polychrome at these sites. Archaeomag dates place the Walsh site in the 1200's A.D. After describing these two sites and their pottery comparisons to Paquim follow. Both groups use puddle adobe in contrast to Mimbres people. Other common denominators are some raised platform hearths, small basin hearths along a long wall, sub-floor burials, ceramics, etc. Placing killed bowls with burials is a continuation of a Mimbres practice. Animas sites in the Mimbres Valley are confined to the modern lower Chihuahuan vegetation zone. Ravesloot notes that Di Peso reports no Mimbres black-on-white from Medio contexts at Paquim which hardly supports his own chronology. Di Peso does not address this issue. Ravesloot then moves into an endorsement of General Systems Theory to explain culture change in the Mimbres Valley. There is a routine summary of what General Systems Theory is and some terms are defined. So changes in the Mimbres Valley are attributed to environmental stress and the rise of Casas Grandes. Ravesloot suggests that, instead of complete abandonment, there might have simply been assimilation into the Casas Grandes sphere. There is clear evidence for exchange between the Mimbres Valley and Casas Grandes area during the Classic Mimbres Phase. 72% of the Perros Bravos pottery from Casas Grandes is from the Mimbres region. Chihuahuan polychromes are found at Swarts, Mattocks, and Galaz Ruins (* This probably crosses time as Ravesloot realizes). There is also Three Circle Red-on-White at Casas Grandes suggesting even earlier interaction. Di Peso argues for a breakdown in trade between these areas at this start of the Medio Period. Ravesloot suggests that there was never a complete breakdown of trade. A critical review of Di Peso's pochteca hypothesis follows. There is a final section suggested future research that basically comes down to doing more research.6/Committee members were Gumerman, Plog and Riley&Noot, John C. 1984tmSocial Differentiation at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico: An Archaeological Analysis of MortuarRavesloot, John C. 1984tmSocial Differentiation at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico: An Archaeological Analysis of Mortuary Practices  Department of Anthropology  Carbondale "Southern Illinois University$Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation*$Paquim mortuary study power paquim Di Peso excavated 576 burials, which Ravesloot analyzed to study social organization in Casas Grandes. Over 100 were actually unburied bodies while 447 were buried. The specific goal is assessing the extent to which social life at Casas Grandes was hierarchically organized, due to ascriptive ranking, during the Medio period. Of course the premise is that burial patterns reflect living social organization (referred to as the "dimensional approach" in this application). Another concern is that Ravesloot used Di Peso's chronology which places the Medio period between A.D. 1060 and 1340. A set of 39 variables are used to analyze grave contents, proxemics, etc. using several statistical techniques. The most elaborate burials included such traits as macaws, bone wands, necklaces, rasps, and copper ornaments. Principle components analysis produced three eigens of burial traits that tended to co-occur. The latter two sets of traits stands out for cross-cutting age and gender. The distilled conclusion is that burials with the more impressive goods and certain spatial traits represent an ascritive elite at Paquim. * Current work by Pam Kogler of UNM with the same collections also comes out for there having been an elite. Some skeletons are definitely better fed people.eRavesloot, John C. 1988XQMortuary Practices and Social Differentiation at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico@:Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 49 Tucson "University of Arizona Press <6archaeology mortuary study social organization Paquim?>r=H<:3Parnell, J. Jacob Terry, Richard E. Nelson, ZacharyA 2002vpSoil Chemical Analysis Applied as an Interpretive Tool for Ancient Human Activities in Piedras Negras, Guatemala(!Journal of Archaeological Science294-379-40482Parnell, J. Jacob Terry, Richard E. Sheets, Payson 2002rlSoil Chemical Analysis of Ancient Activities in Cern, El Salvador: A Case Study of a Rapidly Abandoned SiteLatin American Antiquity133t331-342lVOCern El Salvador soil chemistry soils sediments anthrosols phosphate householdParsons, Elsie Clews 1939Pueblo Indian Religion Chicago "University of Chicago PressrParsons, Francis B. 19600)Unusual Stone Head from Chihuahua, Mexicon El Palacio672p 66-67F@ Di Peso's field work at Paquim is mentioned. The stone head is from near Nuevas Casas Grandes. It is 27 pounds and 10.5 inches high. Parsons suggests that it was carved from a river cobble. Parsons speculates that the head represents a god. * The top of the head looks as though it may have been shaped to accomodate a headdress or wig of some sort. There is a clear photo of this carving that shows it to be much like others from Paquim, Tapiecitas, and La Raspadura. The face does not look appreciably different from those often molded onto effigy vessels.&Pate, F. Donald Hutton, John T. 1988VPThe Use of Soil Chemistry Data to Address Post-mortem Diagenesis in Bone Mineral(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencef15729-739iDiogenes Patinoa 1993d^Arqueologia del Bajio Patia, fases y correlaciones en la costa poacifica de Colombia y EcuadorLatin American Antiquity4180-1994-Paton, T. R. Humphreys, G. S. Mitchell, P. B.s 1996Soils, A New Global View  New Haven, CT\ Yale University Pressr Plog, Fred Upham, Steadman Weigand, Phil C. 1982:4A Perspective on Mogollon - Mesoamerican Interaction *$Beckett, Patrick H. Silverbird, KiraHAMogollon Archaeology, Proceedings of the 1980 Mogollon Conference227-Phillips, David A. Jr. 1990\UA Re-Evaluation of the Robles Phase of the Casas Grandes Culture, Northwest ChihuahuaB;55th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology  Las Vegase6/ Di Peso believed that the Robles phase was a late survival of Casas Grandes culture, that persisted after Paquim was abandoned, ending the Medio period. Phillips argues that the Robles phase does not exist since Paquim was abandoned rather than lingering beyond the Medio period. (* This is another example of how Chihuahua culture is discussed only in terms of Paquim). Di Peso thought that Casas Grandes thrived under the control of Early Postclassic Toltec pochteca. The Toltec collapse left Casas Grandes high and dry. Survivors from Paquim's collapse moved into the Sierras where they continued to produce polychromes and survived into historic times. So the Robles phase of Di Peso covers the interval between the destruction/abandonment of Paquim and historic time. Di Peso placed the end of the Medio period at A.D. 1340; later sites were Robles. Di Peso had only five dates from three sources for Casas Grandes sites post-dating A.D. 1340. Di Peso had 63 obsidian hydration dates suggesting that the Medio period lasted beyond A.D. 1340 but he did not address the point. Di Peso assumed only two years were missing from his tree ring dates. Phillips suggests it is closer to 90 years which would give a final construction date around A.D. 1430. Medio tradeware suggests the end occurred around A.D. 1400 to 1450. Phillips then rejects each of the dates as used by Di Peso. What they actually indicate is that would-be Robles sites fall into the Medio period using the corrected chronology. Since the Robles phase did not exist, it follows that Spanish explorers never came into contact with the last vestiges of Casas Grandes culture. Complete abandonment of the Casas Grandes area, is part of a much broader regional collapse. (* This is confusing change with abandonment perhaps; there could be dissimilar sites in the area). There is also a lesson in the dangers of following preconceptions as Di Peso did. An interesting angle in this paper is that the author uses only data available to Di Peso, which underscores the cautionary tale aspect of this.6p4-Ruggles, Clive L. N. Medyckyj-Scott, David J. 1996ZSSite Location, Landscape Visibility, and Symbolic Astronomy: A Scottish Case Study Maschner, Herbert D. G.nb\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press127-146h.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23HAarchaeology catchment GIS site location modeling spatial analysis pbk( Russell, F.I  1975 ,The Pima Indians  "Tucson  8University of Arizona Pressb  479s  2nd. "Minnis 2This is the prime ethnographic account of the Pima Indians, based on fieldwork conducted in 1902. Information on social organization, philosophy and song was actually written by a memeber of the Pima, although this was not recognized until later. Much of the reconstruction of the Pima was based on information gained through the use of elderly informants, whose memories extended into the early 18th. century: this heavily utilized the concept of the ethnographic present. This work is valuable for presenting 18th. century subsistence patterns of the Pima, as well as their attitudes toward and uses of various domesticated and wild plants. The recitation of the events from a 'calendar stick' provides some interesting year-by-year data on the occurrence of epidemics, droughts, and floods, as well as some of the Piman responses to them, from 1833 to 1902. This can be useful in reconstructing patterns of response to environmental stress during that period, and may have implications for response patterns previous to that time period. *Pima ethnology  S. H. Ryerson 1994F?The Potters of Povenir: The Lesser Known Artisans of Mata Ortiz Kiva60 93-118*$Sabloff, Jeremy A. Willey, Gordon R. 1967jcThe Collapse of Maya Civilization in the Southern Lowlands: A Consideration of History and Process*$Southwestern Journal of Anthropology234y311-336o archaeological theory MayaF*J. A. Sabloff T. W. Beale A. M Kurland Jr.  1973 >"Recent Developments in Archaeology Z>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science  408 $103-118 ,new archaeology Sackett, J. R. 19820)Approaches to Style in Lithic Archaeology,&Journal of Anthropological Archaeology1 59-112D>Style as choices between functionally equivalent alternatives."Sahagn, Fray Bernardino dee 1950-1969oBXd Sevnik, J.Shackelford, William J.Shackleton, N. J.Shackley, M. L.Shackley, Myra L.Shafer, David S.Shafer, David ScottShafer, Harry J.<8Shaffer, Brian S., Karen M. Gardner, and Harry J. ShaferShaffer, Gary D.Shaffer, J. G.Shakley, M. L. Shaler, N. S. Shapiro, H.L.Shapiro, J. S.Sharer, Robert J.Sheets, Payson Sherratt, A.Shimada, IzumiShimkin, Demitri B.Shomaker, John Shorer, P. Shorrocks, B.Shott, Michael J. Siegel, J. A.Siegel, Peter E.Siemens, Alfred H.Sieveking, G. de G.Silverbird, KiraSilverman, Halanie,(Silverman, Helaine, and Michael E. SmithSimmons, J. W.Simmons, James W. Simms, S. R.Simon, Arleyn W.Simonsen, R. W.Simonson, G. H.Simpson, E. H.Simpson, I. A.Simpson, S. V.Singer, Michael J. Singh, I. B.Sinopoli, Carla M. Sjoberg, Alf Skibo, J. M.Skibo, James M.Skinner, Shaune M.Skujins, J. J. Slager, S.Slane, Kathleen W.Sleeter, Richard S. Sloss, L. L. Smeck, N. E.Smith, Eric AldenSmith, Fred H. Smith, H. W. Smith, J. U. Smith, M. E.Smith, Marion F. Jr.Smith, Michael E. Smith, R. J.Smith, Robert E.Smith, Robert LeoSmith, Susan J. Smith, Watson Snodgrass, A.TQSo Live the Works of Men, Seventieth Anniversary Volume Honoring Edgar Lee HewettSoil Survey StaffSokoloff, V. P.Solecki, R. S.Solometo, JuliaSommers, L. E. Soper, Robert Sopko, JosephSorenson, L. W. Soto, M Souchier, B.Southard, Randal J. Sparks, D. L.Sparks, Donald L. Sparks, G.Sparling, John B.Spaulding, Albert C.Spector, Janet D.Spence, Michael W.Spennemann, D. H. R. Speth, J. D.Speth, John D.Spielmann, K.A.Spielmann, Katherine A. Spier, Leslie Spoerl, P. M.Spoerl, Patricia M.Srinivasan, G. J. St. Clair, Charles SpencerStacy, V. K. PheribaStafford, Thomas J. Stahl, Ann B.Stahl, Peter W.Stark, Barbara L.($Stark, James H. Heidke and Miriam T.($Stark, James M. Heidke and Miriam T. Stark, M. T. Stark, Miram Stark, MiriamStark, Miriam T.Stebbins, G Ledyard Steel, D. G.Steen-McIntrye, Virginia Steenbeek, R. Stein, Gil J. Stein, J. K.Stein, Julie K. Stein, Pat H.Stenberger, M.Stephan, ElisabethSteponaitis, Vincas P.@:Steponaitis, Vincas P., M. James Blackman, and Hector Neff Sternberg, T.Stetson, H. C.Stevenson Day, JaneStevenson, F. J.Steward, J. H.Stewart, Joe D.Stewart, Kearsley A.Stewart, R. Michael Stiles, C. A. Stiner, M.Stiner, Mary C.Stoltman, James B.Stone, Connie L.Stone, Elizabeth C.Stone, Glenn D.Stone, Glenn Davis Stone, T. Stone, Tammy Storch, PaulStorey, J. M. V.Storey, J.M.V. Stowe, L. G.Strazicich, Nicola M. Stross, F. H. Stuart, DavidStuart, David D.Stuart, David E.Stuckenrath, R.Surez Cruz, SergioSurez, Mara Elena Sugita, S.Sugiura Yamamoto, Yoko Sugiura, YokoSuhler, CharlesSullivan, Alan P. IIISumg Jang, GilSumner, Malcom E.Sundararaijan, K.$ Survey, United States GeologicalSussman, Robert W. Switzer, P. Sylvia, D. M. Symonds, R.P. Szuter, C. R. Tabbagh, A.Tainter, B. B.Tainter, Bonnie BagleyTainter, J. A.Tainter, Joseph A.Tamaron y Romeral, PedroTamplin, M. J.Tarka, Stanley M. Jr. Tarrant, R.Taschek, Jennifer T.Tate, Robert L.Taube, Karl A. >@ Tax, Sol Taylor, A.J. Taylor, C. L. Riley and W. W. Taylor, JodyTaylor, Judith RoweTaylor, Judy Rowe Taylor, W. W.Taylor, Walter W.Taylor, William B. Teague, L. S. Teague, LynnTeague, Lynn S. Teeri, J. Tefft, S. Telles, CarolTeltser, P. A.Teltser, Patice A.Terry, Richard E. Thomas, D.H.Thomas, David HurstThomas, John M.Thomson, Eric S.Thorne, Alan G.Thorne, Robert M.Ticer, Cindy L. DorothyTieszen, Larry L.Tilley, ChristopherTimpson, M. E.Tipping, RichardTkaczuk, D. C.Tkaczuk, Diane ClaireTodd, Lawrence C.Toll, H. Wolcott Tomka, S. A.Tomka, Steve A. Tooker, E.,)Topic, John R. and Claude-Francois BaudezTornero, J. D.4.Tornqvist, Torbjorn E., and Tristram R. KidderTorrence, Robin Torrent, J. Tovaln Ahumada, AlejandroTownsend, A. H.Trangmar, B. B. Tranmer, M. Traverse, A.Trejo, Claudia Triadan, D.Tringham, RuthTrinler, W. A.Trombold, C. D. Tsolakidou, A Tuggle, H. D.Tuggle, H. David Tunca, O. Turekian, K.Turnbaugh, W. A.Turner II, B. L.Turner II, B.L.Turner, Christy G. IITurpin, Solveig A.Turville, E.S.Tweedy, Jennifer K.Twitchell, Ralph E. Ucko, P. J.Ucko, Peter J. Uehara, G. Ugan, A. Ulery, A. L.Underhill, Anne P. UNESCOHCUnited States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Unknown Upham, S.Upham, SteadmanUrban, Patricia A. Uribe, C. A.Urrutia, JaimeVaillant, G.C.Vaillant, George C. Valadez, R. Valdez, FredValdez, Fred Jr.Valencia Cruz, Danielvan Bergen, P. F.van de Wetering, H. T. J. van der Merwe, Nikolaas J.van der Wal, J.Van Devender, Thomas R.van Dommelen, PeterVan Dyke, R.M.Van Leusen, P. MartijnVan Pool, ToddVan Reybrouck, D.Van West, CarlaVan West, Carla R.Vandiver, P. B.Vandiver, PamelaVandiver, Pamela B. VanZeist, W.0,Vargas, Ramon Carrasco, and Sylvaine BoucherVarien, Mark D. Vayda, A. P.Vayda, Andrew PeterVegetius, Flavius RenatusVersaggi, N. M. Viel, ReneVilette, Philippe Villa, Paola Villalpando C., Maria ElisaVillapando, M. E.Vita-Finzi, Claudio Vitali, V. Vitalil, V.Vitelli, Karen D.Viveros, Juan Luis Vivian, B. C.Vivian, Brain C. Vivian, R.G.Voegelin, Carl F. Vogel, John Vogel, Joseph Voigt, EhrardVon Winning, Hasso W alker, G.W. T. Langhorne, Jr.Wade, Edwin L.(#Wade, Edwin L. and Lea S. McChesneyWailes, Bernard Wakeley, L.D. Walde, DaleWaldron, H. A. Walker, B. D.Wallace, H. D. Wallis, F. S. Walsh, J.N. Walsh, T. Walton, TonyWandsnider, L.Wandsnider, Lu AnnWandsnider, LuAnn Wang, Yang Wang, Yongjin Wanogho, S. Wanser, J. C.Ward, Albert E. Warne, A. G. Warner, A. E. Warren, A. H. Waters, A.Waters, Aaron C.Waters, Michael R. Watson, P. J.Watson, Patty JoWatson-Stegner, D. Wattez, J.WattsWauchope, RobertWeaver, Muriel PorterWeber, David J. Webster, D.Webster, D. L.Webster, DavidWebster, David L. Webster, R.Weed, Carol S.Weedman, David A.Weide, David L.,&Weigand, Michael S. Foster and Phil C.Weigand, Phil C. Weil, R. R. Weir, A. H.$Weiseheimer, Captain J. WarrenWelch, John R.Wells, E. Christian Welsh, J.R. Wendorf, FredWengard, Sherman A.`g Stuart D. 1966 Dendrochronology in Mexico:4Papers of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research No. 2 Tucson $University of Arizona PrSchwertmann, U.t 1993D=Relations between Iron Oxides, Soil Color, and Soil Formation $Bigham, J. M. Ciolkosz, E. J. Soil Color  Madison, WI} B;Special Publication No. 31, Soil Science Society of Americah 51-69hScott, Stuart D. 1966 Dendrochronology in Mexico:4Papers of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research No. 2 Tucson $University of Arizona Press``` This monograph is the publication of Scott's dissertation. There is some of the usual patter about Southwest - Mesoamerican routes of contact. Using the Casas Grandes samples Scott, and others, built up a 500 year chronology. T. Harlan has built a modern tree chronology from the Sierra Madres near Paquim. A typo has Sayles doing his Chihuahua survey in 1937 instead of 1933. Sayles collected cross-sections from beams in several cliff dwellings and sent them back to Gila Pueblo. Haury (1938) published one date from these with some reservations. Brand gave one sample to the Arizona tree ring lab from the Rio Aros (Rio Yaqui) in 1931. Sayles collected 51 cross-sections from cliff dwellings. He collected four cross-sections from CHIH H:11:1 that are presumably ceiling beams or upright supports. There are two more samples from nearby CHIH H:11:3. Sayles also collected samples from CHIH I:9:3 near Las Varas and from Cave Valley. During 1936 Lister collected some samples, also turned over to the tree-ring lab. Most of these are from the Rio Garabato, near Sayles' Rio Chico sites. Twenty one samples came from what I presume is Cuarenta Casas. Lister also collected one sample from Agua Zarca (* southwest of Janos) and one from Cave Valley. Deric Nusbaum collected 42 more samples from the Chihuahua Sierra during May of 1941. He also collected from the Garabato, Chico, and Piedras Verdes (Cave Valley) drainages. These samples must at least in part, come from previously visited cliff dwellings. Nusbaum collected from CHIH D:15:10 and CHIH D:15:11, which are like Corral and Rincon Caves. He also collected at H:11:7, H:11:8, and H:11:9. These are on the Rio Chico. At least the first two are likely sites that Sayles had already recorded. Nusbaum also collected wood from CHIH H:8:3 in the Rio Garabato drainage, CHIH H:2:1 on the Rio Gaviln, and CHIH M:5:1 about 100 Km south of the Cuarenta Casas area. There are also samples from Durango. Sayles and Nusbaum also sampled living trees. Rex Gerald submitted some charcoal from the Hurigos Site northwest of Animas. Apparently he did some excavations here. It was a sizeable mound evidently. After summarizing collections from Mexico, Scott moves into describing the JCGP samples, of which there are more than 400. Most are from Paquim with a few being from four other sites, including the mission at the Convento Site. Most of the Paquim samples are yellow pine. Most of the Cave Valley samples are juniper with some dateable pine. Most of these samples had 40 or less rings. Tom Harlan tried to build a chronology and tie it into Paquim or Southwest chronologies with no luck. These problems generally apply to the other Chihuahua Sierra cave sites too although Haury was able to get a 111 year chronology. Modern samples collected by Sayles, Nusbaum and then Harlan (1961) have provided a precise tree-ring chronology back to A.D. 1524. The Casas Grandes modern series only shows slight similarity to Southwest sequences meaning that they should be considered separate dendro-climatic regions. With Amerind support, Scott built a 200 year sequence from Matachic. This can be cross-dated with the Paquim sequence but there are substantial differences suggesting a separate region again. Scott summarizes R.H. Thompson's 1963 paper on ceramic type associations that places Ramos Polychrome in the fourteenth century. The monograph closes with some general discussion. "Anasazi," and "Hohokam" Today? A Cultural Anthropological Perspectiven Kiva53205-209egeneral referenceM SW generalSpielmann, Katherine A.e 1983NGLate Prehistoric Exchange Between the Southwest and the Southern PlainsrPlains Anthropologistt28 102m257-272eSpielmann, Katherine A.p 1989TNColonists, Hunters, and Farmers: Plains-Pueblo Interaction in the 17th Century  Thomas, D.H.Columbian Consequences Washington, D.C. $Smithsonian Institution Pressl1Q101-113 Rio GrandeRio Grande protohistoricSpielmann, Katherine A. 1994ZTClustered Confederacies: Sociopolitical Organization in the Protohistoric Rio Grande Wills, W.H. Leonard, R.D.angThe Ancient Southwestern Community: Models and Methods for the Study of Prehistoric Social Organization  Albuquerque $University of New Mexico Press 45-54n leadership.(Rio Grande social integration leadership CkHCLa Tierra: Journal of the Southern Texas Archaeological AssociationLandscape EcologyLatin American AntiquityManMan and Environment ManuscriptLHMemorias de la XVII Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad Mexicana de AntropologaMesoamerican Notes,&Mid-Continental Journal of Archaeology(%Midcontinental Journal of ArchaeologyTQMono y Conejo: The Journal of the Mesoamerican Archaeological Research Laboratory4.Museum Notes of the Museum of Northern Arizona Nature41New Zealand Archaeological Association Newsletter`]Newsletter of the International Union of Soil Science and the Soil Science Society of America$ Northeast Historical Archaeology$Norwegian Archaeologial Review$Norwegian Archaeological ReviewNotas AntropolgicasNotas Mesoamericanas Oecologia,)Oklahoma Anthropological Society BulletinOntario Archaeologyournal of Soil Science Oxkintok41Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, PalaeoecologyPalaeohistoria Paleobiology82Papers of the Archaeological Society of New MexicoPast and Present Pennsylvania Archaeologist$!Philosophy of Science Association Photogrammetric Engineering4.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing PhylonPlains Anthropologist PlateauHBPopulation and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies41Proceedings of the American Philosophical SocietyD>Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Science Conference 7, Bangkok,&Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society(%Proceedings of the Prehistory Society,&Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy85Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of ScotlandDAProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1954-1956)82Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America Prospezioni ArchaeologicheQuartenary ResearchQuaternary Research RadiocarbonRecords of the Past Remote Sensing of Environment<8Reports of National Research Institute of Police ScienceResearch and ExplorationTQResource Notes University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Conservation and Survey Division0+Revista Mexicana de Estudios AntropolgicosRevue d'ArchomtrieRivista di Studi Liguri ScienceScientific American$Scottish Archaeological Review Sedimentology4.Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and SocietySoc. Sci. Med.84Society for Comparative Study of Society and History,(Society of American Archaeology Bulletin Soil Biology and Biochemistry Soil Science,'Soil Science Society of America Journal0+Soil Science Society of America Proceedings$ Soil Science Society ProceedingsSoils and FertilizersSouth Atlantic QuarterlySoutheast Asian Archaeology: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists in Western EuropeSoutheastern Archaeology,'Southeastern Naturalist and Antiquarian$!Southwest Journal of Anthropology($Southwestern Journal of AnthropologyStudies in Conversation SyesisTennessee Anthropologist The ArtifactThe Cartographic Journal<7The Chesopiean: A Journal of North American Archaeology The Florida AnthropologistThe Geographical ReviewHBThe Geologist, the Newsletter of the Geological Society of America0-The Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society The Kiva The MasterkeyThe Nation, 1313-1314The Natural Resource$!The New Mexico Journal of Science$ The North American Archaeologist The South Atlantic Quarterly The Vortex@Soils in Archaeology: Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation Washington, DC $Smithsonian Institution Pressr193-216-Stein, Julie K. 1992 Deciphering a Shell Midden  San Diego, CAl Academic PressStein, Julie K. 1993:4Scale in Archaeology, Geosciences and Geoarchaeology & Stein, Julie K. Linse, Angela R.6/Effects of Scale on Archaeological Perspectives Boulder $Geological Society of America 1-10Hoppin, Richard A.Special Papers no. 283\Uartifacts are either movable or not. If not they are called features, instead. pg. 5o pbkh& archaeology scale geoarchaeologyStephan, Elisabeth 1997zsPatterns of Chemical Change in Fossil Bones and Various States of Bone Preservation Associated with Soil ConditionsfAnthropozoologicam 25-26a173-1802Steponaitis, Vincas P.  1981 uSettlement Hierarchies and Political Complexity in Nonmarket Societies: The Formative Period of the Valley of Mexicoc 4American Anthropologist  83 2r $320-363e "Archaeologists have long recognized that increases in political centralization often coincide with the growth of regional settlement hierarchies. Here I develop a theoretical model which explicitly relates certain aspects of political complexity to variation in settlement size. This model applies specifically to hierarchical societies without well-developed market economies-- societies which Service would classify as chiefdoms and (perhaps) simple states. Using settlement data from the Formative Period Valley of Mexico, I show how this model is useful in measuring (1) the number of levels in a regional hierarchy, (2) the degree of political centralization, and (3) the relative amount of surplus food mobilized to support the political establishment." Measuring these variables in the archaeological record has been plagued with difficulties, some of which have stemmed from the lack of appropriate models linking these variables to their material corrleates.  H+ politics politics economy chiefdoms Mexicod @:Steponaitis, Vincas P., M. James Blackman, and Hector Neff 1996PILarge-scale patterns in the chemical composition of Mississippian potterylAmerican antiquity613g555-572 & compositional analysis, ceramics"Stetson, H. C. Parker, F. L. 1942rlMechanical Analysis of the Sediments and the Identification of the Foraminifera from the Building Excavation  Johnson, F."The Boulston Street Fishweir >8Papers of R. S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeology No. 2 41-44Stevenson, F. J. 198260Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions New York John WIley and SonsStevenson, F. J. 1986JDCycles of Soil: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Micronutrients New York John Wiley and Sonso32Kegley, George B.  1979$Excavations at Hueco Tank Park *$Patrick H. Beckett Reggie N. Wiseman"Jornada Mogollon Archaeology  Las Cruces (!New Mexico State University Press  19-23i*$Hueco Tanks is 32 miles east of El Paso in the Hueco Bolson. The site is best known for its rock art paintings. Testing in 1972 and 1973 showed five rectangular rooms, portions of other rectangular rooms, and several pit structures. In Lehmer's classification of Jornada archaeology this site probably belongs to the Dona Ana Phase, between Mesilla and El Paso Phases. So this would line the site up in time with LeBlanc's Black Mountain Phase in the Mimbres Valley (ca. 1175-1300). Hueco Tanks has Chupadero Black on White, El Paso Polychrome, Playas Red Incised, Ramos Polychrome, and other New Mexico types. There are also some Mimbres sherds at the site. Kegley sees this as suggesting connections with Casas Grandes but nothing more. He explicitly rejects colonization sorts of explanations.Kelley, J. Charles 1950F@Atlatls, Bows and Arrows, Pictographs, and the Pecos River FocusAmerican Antiquity1610 71-74e$At least two foci of culture are evident in the rockshelters of Texas. These are the Pecos River and Chisos foci. The latter lasted until at least A.D. 1200, and probably later since some sites have El Paso polychromes. The atlatl survives in the Chisos focus but there are also arrowshafts and points. These include Livermore points, and in the northwest, Mogollon forms. The Pecos River focus may have lasted several thousand years. Some sites have arrowpoints and small bow fragments. However context is a problem; in the three sites discussed these materials may be intrusive into Pecos River strata so the issue is uncertain on this evidence. Corrobation comes from rock art. There are many paintings along the Pecos of people with hunting weapons. Some paintings believed to be later than Pecos River Focus portray bow and arrow hunters. These are usually solid red paintings, with faces in profile or straight-on, and arms upraised. But earlier ones do not. So the bow and arrow evidently arrive fairly late in the Lower Pecos region.archaeology Mexico HtLGFz/.~Fred Jr. Valdezi 1988$The Ceramics of Colha, Belize{$Ceramica de Cutlura Maya et al15 41-50("Fred Jr. Valdez Thomas H. Guderjan 19922+Ceramic Assessment of Los Renegados, Belize$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al16 22-23.(van der Merwe, Nikolaas J. Stein, Pat H. 1972XRSoil Chemistry of Postmolds and Rodent Burrows: Indentification without ExcavationAmerican Antiquity372245-254van Dommelen, Petert 1997LEColonial Constructs: Colonialism and Archaeology in the Mediterranean\World Archaeologys283t305-323Van Dyke, R.M. 1999@9Space Syntax Analysis at the Chacoan Outlier of GuadalupeaAmerican Antiquity64461-474 Chacot Chaco generalyVan Leusen, P. Martijn 1996XQGIS and Locational Modeling in Dutch Archaeology: A Review of Current Approachesa Maschner, Herbert D. G.ub\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press177-197.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23C@9archaeology Europe GIS methodology site location modeling pbkoVan Reybrouck, D. 1994`ZChanging Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherers in Continental and in Anglo-American Archaeology Antiquity68831-838Van West, Carla R. 1994^WModeling Prehistoric Agricultural Productivity in Southwestern Colorado: A GIS Approach Reports of Investigations 67. Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, and Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado othera population agriculture GIS("Van West, Carla Kohler, Timothy A. 1996xrA Time to Rend a Time to Sew: New Perspectives on Northern Anasazi Sociopolitical Development in Later Prehistory *$Aldenderfer, Mark Maschner, H. D. G.<6Anthropology, Space and Geographic Information Systems New York Oxford University Presss107-131yHBRead for Paul Minnis' Advanced Southwest Studies Class, Fall 1996.Sigmoid curves graphing agricultural yield vs. value to producer suggest that in economically "good times" resource pooling (insurance strategy) would be advantageous, whereas "bad times" would favor non-pooling (gambler strategy). This suggests when considering the patterns of aggregation and dispersal in the light of pooling vs. not pooling resources, we can expect that aggregation will occur during economically good times, and dispersal, or a more mobile strategy will occur during bad times. In the study area (near the Four Corners) for the entire period, there is no evidence for excessive bad times, such that a large population would not be supportable. The authors suggest that pooling is favored in years of overall high mean yields, but high variability from year to year or from farm to farm, while dispersal is favored in times of low mean production, and is even more favored when there is high temporal or spatial variablility. Restated, good times promote sharing, bad times promote not-sharing, and patchiness (spatial or temporal) exaggerates either strategy. This is a risk-averse (variance-reducing) behavior. When this model is compared with the data for the study region, it is surprisingly accurate in some cases (ie, Chaco, final abandonment, a couple others) but off the mark in a few. This is attributed to causes outside the model, perhaps most importantly population density, which when high would encourage sharing and when low would encourage not-sharing. Another consideration of significance to the accuracy of the model is extraregional factors. Defection might not be a good option if areas around the study area are 'worse'.RKArchaeology GIS Anasazi aggregation abandonment economy models agriculture+D Plaisance1981 Plog19737 Plog1977Y Plog19799 Plog19801 Plog19822 Plog1982 Plog1983 Plog19866 Plog1990 Plog1990 Plog19969 Plog1996 Plog1997 Plunket1990Plunket Nagoda1995 Podzuweit1992 Poggenpoal1990g Pogue1987 Pollard1986E Pollard1999 Pollock1983e Pool19933 Pool19939 Pool1995 Pool2000F Pope1989 Pope19933G Popenoe1959c Porter1956Porter de Moedano1945 Potter2000 Pozas1949 Pratt1999s Precord1985$ Preucel1987 Preucel2002"Preysler1996! Price1996Prichard1983p Pring1998H Proudfoot1976I Provan1971J Provan1973V Pryor1985KPuleston1976C Pumain19966L Purdy1987 Puseman1995M Pyddoke1961Pyszczyk1989N Quine1995 Quye19971 Raab1984; Raby1989 Rakos1996* Ramachandran19855 Ramenofsky1996 Ramsden1990O Rapp1974P Rapp1998Q Rapp 1985I Rappaport1968 Rappaport1968 Rappaport1971p Rattray1966 Rattray1977 Rattray1978 Rattray1979u Rattray1980 Rattray1980 Rattray1989m Rattray1996q Rattray2001 Rautman1993 Rautman1998 Ravesloot1979 Ravesloot1984 Ravesloot1984 Ravesloot1988 Ravesloot1989 Ravesloot1993) Ray1996 Raymond1996J Raymond1996 Rea1981( Rea1982 Redford1997P Redman19844 Redman1990 Reed19899g Reed19939 Reents-Budet2000 Reff19858 Reichhardt1973( Reichhardt1982 Reid1989 Reid1990yw Reid19941 Reid19941x Reid1996 Reid1996Reina S.1989R Reineck1980 Rendon1947S Renfrew1976 Renfrew1978 Renfrew1982] Renfrew1986 Renfrew1986 Renfrew1986 Renfrew1991 Renfrew1994T Reuland1992 Rey1928 Reyna Robles1992Reynders19899lReynolds19755UReynolds1987 Reynoso1987 Reynoso1991 Rice1981 Rice1984 Rice1990 Rice1991 Rice1994 Rice1996 Rice1998 Rice1999 Rice2001PRichards2003 Riddick1990Ridings19990 Rigby1989 Riguad19800= Riley1972" Riley1975 Riley1991 Rinaldo1950 Rinaldo1957 Rinaldo1974 Rindos1980 Rindos1985 Rindos1996 Ringle1992 Ringle19988 Roaf1994V Roberts1984 Roberts1995 Robertshaw1994 Robertson1985 Robertson1989 Robertson2001 Robertson2001 Robertsonn.d.X Robins1988nRobinson1979Robinson19833?Robinson1986Robinson1988Robinson1994 Rocek1995o Rodgers1957 Rodrguez1991Rodrguez Snchez1997 Rojas Chvez19969W Rolfsen1980 Roney1992 Roney1995 Roney1996 Roosevelt1997 Rosado Ojeda1941X Rosen1986 Rosenzweig1996 Ross1978 Ross1987 Rounds1977 Rounds1979 Rouse19393 Rouse1953 Rouse1967Y Routh1985 Roux19959 Roux1998/ Rowe19871Z Rowell1994Rowlands1972s Rue1997u Rue1998 Ruggles1996 Ruggles1996 Ruhf19839 Ruiz A.1980f Rupp1986 Russell1975 Russell1988P Russell2003 Ruth19989 Ryerson1994 Sabloff1967 Sabloff1973 Sabloff1982_ Sabloff1993 Sackett1980 Sackett1982 Sadet1988Sahagn 1950-1969 Sahlins1960 Saitta19966 Saitta1997 Saitta1998 Sampson1993 Sampson1995Sampson19990 Sanders1968 Sanders1978s Sanders1989[ Sanders1992C Sanders1996d Sanders2002 Sando1979 Sandon1998\ Sandor1991 Santley1989 Santley19932Sassaman1990Sassaman1997) Satoh1992] Saucier1966 Sauer1992LSaunders19939 Sayles1936 Sayre1988 Sayre1989^Snchez Vizcano1996_Snchez Vizcano1999 Schaafsma1979 Schaber1977 Schachner2002 Schaus1966 Schaus1973Schiffer1976`Schiffer1983Schiffer1983aSchiffer1987 Schiffer1987XSChiffer1988oSchiffer1989Schiffer1989Schiffer1990Schiffer1994Schiffer1997 Schlanger1993Schlegel1992b Schlezinger2000 Schmidt1981c Schmidt1988 Schmidt1990  Schmink1987 Schneider1989G Schoeniger1983R Schoeniger1990Q Schoeniger1991  Schoeninger1995, Schortman1987  Schortman1992  Schortman1992  Schreiber1991Z Schrire1999 Schrive1990  Schurr1995Schwalbe1987QSchwarcz1991d Schwarz1967e Schwarz1967fSchweger1985g Schwertmann1993 Scott1966h Scotter1963i Scudder1996 Sebastian1991jSellards1974k Selley1976l Selley1988 Senior1995 Senior1995 Service1954 Service1954 Service1958 Service1960 Service1962 Service1966 Service1969 Service1971 Service1971 Service1978- Sevnik19758 Shackelford1954m Shackleton19731985 Robertson1989 Robertsonn.d.X Robins1988nRobinson19833 Rocek1995o Rodgers1957 Rodrguez1991W Rolfsen1980 Roney1992 Roney1995 Roney1996X Rosen1986 Rosenzweig1996 Ross1987 Rouse19393 Rouse1953 Rouse1967Y Routh1985 Roux19959/ Rowe19871Z Rowell1994Rowlands1972s Rue1997u Rue1998 Ruggles1996 Ruggles1996 Ruhf19839f Rupp1986 Russell1975 Russell1988 Ruth19989 Sabloff1967 Sabloff1973 Sabloff1982_ Sabloff1993 Sackett1980 Sackett1982 Sahlins1960 Saitta19966 Saitta1997 Saitta1998̥ Sampson1993 Sanders1968 Sanders1978[ Sanders1992C Sanders1996\ Sandor1991̂ Santley19932Sassaman1990̩Sassaman1997) Satoh1992] Saucier1966 Sauer1992 Sayles1936^Snchez Vizcano1996_Snchez Vizcano1999 Schaafsma1979 Schaber1977 Schachner2002Schiffer1976`Schiffer1983̘Schiffer1983aSchiffer1987XSChiffer1988o Schlanger1993Schlegel1992b Schlezinger2000 Schmidt1981c Schmidt1988  Schmidt1990  Schmink1987  Schoeninger1995, Schortman1987  Schortman1992  Schortman1992  Schreiber1991Z Schrire1999  Schurr1995Schwalbe1987d Schwarz1967e Schwarz1967fSchweger1985g Schwertmann1993 Scott1966h Scotter1963i Scudder1996 Sebastian1991jSellards1974k Selley1976l Selley1988 Service1954 Service1954 Service1958 Service1960 Service1962 Service1966 Service1969 Service1971 Service1971 Service1978- Sevnik19758 Shackelford1954m Shackleton1973&w\Wilcox, David R. 1995TNA Processual Model of Charles C. Di Peso's Babocomari Site and Related Systems Reyman, Jonathan^WThe Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Northern Mesoamericas London Aveburyr281-319i&Worldwide Archaeology Series 12i^W This paper is a reanalysis of the Babocomari Site. This site is 15 Km southeast of Fairbank, Arizona. Di Peso dug here in 1948 and 1949. Based on 1945 work Carr Tuthill had labelled this a Salado site. Di Peso identified two phases, both of which included Gila Polychrome pottery. These are the Huachuca and Babocomari phases. Di Peso thought that this was a peripheral Casas Grandes site because there is a Chihuahuan style polychrome (Babocomari Polychrome) and cremation cemeteries in plazas. Babocomari Polychrome is a crude version of Santa Cruz Polychrome. At the time Di Peso thought that Gila Polychrome lasted into the protohistoric period. Wilcox thinks of Babocomari as part of a local settlement system within a Paquim centred regional system. Di Peso grouped the Upper San Pedro and southern Santa Cruz Valley sites into one settlement system. Doyel uses more recent survey data to suggest that there are separate, and even hostile, settlement systems, distinguishable as Santa Cruz/ Babocomari and Lower San Pedro groups by the time of Salado pottery. A review of the Casas Grandes system follows. The redated Medio Period is contemporaneous with the Hohokam Classic Period. According to Di Peso the Paquim and Diablo Phases have Gila Polychrome. Wilcox uses ballcourts to define a regional system. Wilcox advocates a local system within a one-day walk of Paquim. Using Brand's observations, Wilcox suggests that other large sites in the area may be centres of local pottery variants, and constitute "nodes" in the system (* I am doubtful about this association of secondary centres and pottery types. Which one goes with Altimirano for example? And why are the Chihuahuan black on reds more common south of these secondary centres with the possible exception of Galeana). The "I"-shaped ballcourts known to Wilcox are within a three and a half day walking radius, so Wilcox defines this as the range of Paquim's political domination. From within this range, tribute flowed into Paquim. John Douglas (1992) plays down long distance exchange. According to Wilcox, regional exchange, centred around the ballgame, was a mechanism for Paquim to exercise regional influence, perhaps by linking elites through prestige exchange. (* How this happened and all these things connected is not mentioned). Wilcox also suggests that there may have been a "macroeconomy", as defined by Timothy Baugh, which is an economic system with division of labour but not political integration. The Salado system does not have a dominant site analogous to Paquim. Babocomari Village provides a way to reanalyse the Paquim regional system. The Huachuca Phase must postdate A.D. 1300 because of the Salado Polychrome. Wilcox thinks that the Huachuca Phase rooms link into kin groups. The largest Huachuca cremation area has 33 cremations and a disarticulated bison. Wilcox gives descriptions of the rooms and their contents for both phases. There is reportedly more social differentiation in the Babocomari Phase. One Babocomari cremation has a Gila Polychrome jar, 1000 burned shell beads, turquoise, and four shaft straighteners. Another burial included a Tucson Polychrome bowl. In general, Huachuca Phase houses at the site are not burned, and Babocomari Phase houses are burned. There was probably a population decrease in the Babocomari Phase at this site. Di Peso recognized a substantial drop-off in traded pottery between the Huachuca and Babocomari Phases. Wilcox does not see so dramatic a drop-off and correlates the Babocomari Phase in time with the redated Diablo Phase to explain the sherd assemblage (although there is no true Chihuahuan pottery). Wilcox subscribes to the idea of the Diablo Phase as a time of decline. Wilcox infers that, as the power of Paquim declined, authority of leaders in the periphery increased. (* I don't buy this. The Casas phases are not real, whether or not there was a decline with time for such changes is unproven, and I don't know that Babocomari is within 3.5 days walk of Paquim as Wilcox requires. I doubt that Paquim exerted control anywhere near Babocomari. Wilcox does allow that this is an inference needing work and it was likely first penned in 1988). The relative increase in Gila Polychrome pottery at Babocomari, in the Babocomari Phase, is explained as a reflection of Paquim's decline in the Diablo Phase. (* How about it relates to increased availability of Gila Polychrome? The pottery frequencies between phases are not compared statistically). The paper closes with a few paragraphs of conjecture. Wilcox notes that the paper was written in 1988 and revised in 1993.<5Wilcox, David R. Robertson, Gerald Jr. Wood, J. ScottS 2001b\Antecedents to Perry Mesa: Early Pueblo III Defensive Refuge Systems in West-Central Arizona & Rice, Glen E. LeBlanc, Steven A.JDDeadly Landscapes : Case Studies in Prehistoric Southwestern Warfare Salt Lake City University of Utah Press4-E78.S7 D33 2001 HAYDEN LABRIOLA LIB USE ONLY archaeology archaeology6/No site-specific info besides room count tablesh<5Wilcox, David R. Robertson, Gerald Jr. Wood, J. Scottt 2001\UOrganized for War: The Perry Mesa Settlement System and Its Central-Arizona Neighborsc & Rice, Glen E. LeBlanc, Steven A.JCDeadly Landscapes: Case Studies in Prehistoric Southwestern Warfare Salt Lake City University of Utah Press<5E78.S7 D33 2001 HAYDEN LABRIOLA LIB USE ONLY archaeology archaeology6/No site-specific info besides room count tablesuWilcox, Michael V. 2002F?Social Memory and the Pueblo Revolt: A Postcolonial Perspective Robert W. Preucel\,&The Archaeologies of the Pueblo Revolt  Albuquerque $University of New Mexico PressHAWilcox, David R. Taylor, Judith Rowe Vogel, Joseph Wood, J. Scott n.d.JCDelineating Hilltop Systems in West-Central Arizona, A.D. 1100-14003>8Manuscript from David Wilcox, Museum of Northern Arizona  Flagstaff archaeology("Unpublished paper on hilltop sitesWild, A. 19862,The Retention of Phosphate by Soil: A ReviewJournal of Soil Science 1\221-238 Wilde, S. A. 1958B;Forest Soils: Their Properties and Relation to Silviculture New York  Ronald PressO) (j'Birkeland, P. W. 197482Pedology, Weathering and Geomorphological Research Oxford Oxford University Press\Birkeland, P. W. 1984Soils and Geomorphologya Oxford Oxford University Press}`ZBishop, Ronald L., Veletta Canouts, Suzanne P. DeAtley, Alfred Qoyawayma, and C. W. Aikens 1988haThe Formation of Ceramic Analytical Groups - Hopi Pottery Production and Exchange, A.C. 1300-1699y"Journal of Field Archaeology153317-337Ronald L. Bishop et al.& 1988haThe Formation of Ceramic Analytical Groups: Hopi Pottery Production and Exchange, A. C. 1300-1600"Journal of Field Archaeology153317-338LERonald L. Bishop Valetta Canouts Patrica L. Crown Suzanne P. De Atley 1990ZTSensetivity, Precision, and Accuracy: Their Roles in Ceramic Compositional DatabasesAmerican Antiquity553t537-5460*Bjelajac, Victor Luby, Edward M. Ray, Rose 1996F?A Validation Test of a Field-Based Phosphate Analysis Technique\(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencet23243-248eBlackiston, A.H. 1905(!Cave Dwellings of Northern MexiconRecords of the Pastd8c1r355-361marchaeology MexicoBlackiston, A. H. 1906Casas Grandian OutpostsRecords of the Past5142-147archaeology PaquimBlackiston, A. H. 1906&Ruins of the Cerro de MontezumaAmerican Anthropologist84256-261n<5archaeology atalaya Cerro de Moctezuma paquim mexico/Blackiston, A.H. 19080)Ruins of the Tenaja and the Rio San PedroRecords of the Past1116282-290e archaeology Mexico Paquim81M. James Blackman Gil J. Stein Pamela B. Vandiver 1993The Standardization Hypothesis & Ceramic Mass Production: Technical, Compositional, & Metric Indexes of Craft Specialialization at Tel Leilan, SyriaAmerican Antiquity581 60-80M. J. Blackman et al.\VProduction and Exchange of Ceramics in the Oman Peninsula from the Perspective of Hili"Journal of Field Archaeology161 61-782,Blake, M. LeBlanc, Steven A. Minnis, Paul E. 1986PIChanges in Settlement and Population in the Mimbres Valley, SW New Mexico;"Journal of Field Archaeology15439-464YMogollon/Mimbres"Mimbres settlement patternsiJeffrey A. Blakely 1988<6Ceramics and Commerce: Amphorae from Caesarea MaritimaD=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) 271 51-68Blakey, Michael L. 1987jdSkull Doctors: Intrinsic Social and Political Bias in the History of American Physical AnthropologyCritique of Anthropology72 7-33$physical anthropology historye< Blanton, Richard E. Taylor, Jody  1995 Patterns of Exchange and the Social Production of Pigs in Highland New Guinea: Their Relevance to Questions About the Origins and Evolution of Agriculture >"Journal of Archaeological Research 3 2 $113-145  Z=The Architecture of Social Integration in Prehistoric Pueblos  ,Cortez, Colorado  >!Crow Canyon Archaeological Center "35-52  Adler, M. Wilshusen, R.H.r 1990leLarge-Scale Integrative Facilities in Tribal Societies: Cross-Cultural and Southwestern U.S. Examples6World Archaeologye222133-144Isocial integration$SW general social integration65)41`321 0/L.R-,hBraniff, C. Beatriz 1986NGOjo de Agua, Sonora and Casas Grandes Chihuahua: A Suggested Chronology .'Frances Joan Mathien Randall H. McGuireb[Ripples in the Chichimec Sea: New Considerations of Southwestern-Mesoamerican Interactions  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press 70-80 archaeology Mexico PaquimBraniff, C. Beatriz 1990B;The Identification of Possible Elites in Prehispanic Sonora & Paul E. Minnis Charles L. Redman.'Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory ?7173-183iarchaeology MexicoBraniff, C. Beatriz 1993@:The Mesoamerican Northern Frontier and the Gran Chichimeca (!Anne I. Woosley John C. Ravesloot@:Culture and Contact: Charles C. Di Peso's Gran Chichimeca Dragoon Amerind Foundation 65-822+Amerind Foundation New World Studies Series archaeology Mexico PaquimBraniff, Beatriz 1995>8The Opata-Pima Frontier: Preliminary Notes and Comments  Reyman, J. E.\UThe Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnology of Northern Mesoamericae Brookfield, Vermonto Avebury252-268nF@archaeology ethnology Mexico Paquim SW-Mesoamerican connectionsBraniff, Beatriz 19964-Los Cuatro Tiempos de la Tradicin Chupcuarot Arqueologar16 59-68  mesoamericahXQarchaeology ceramics chupicuaro culture history formative mesoamerica west mexicohDescribes very generally the chronological sequence of Chupcuaro's culture history and the hallmarks of the ceramics that represent these four episodes. She apparently conducted a seriation of ceramics from burials assamblages to determine some of these episodes.Braudel, Fernand 198082History and the Social Sciences: The Longue Duree Braudel, Fernand On History Chicago "University of Chicago Press 27-53 ethnohistory$Braun, David P. Plog, Stephen 1982\VEvolution of "Tribal" Social Networks: Theory and Prehistoric North American EvidenceAmerican Antiquity473504-525JCcultural evolution integration network analysis social organizationoDavid P. Braun 1983 Pots as tools J.A. Moore A.S. Keene*#Archaeological Hammers and Theoriesu New York Academic Press107-134Vessel Propertiese,Braun, David P.2  1990 T7Selection and Evolution in Nonhierarchical Organizationb  ,Upham, Steadman rUThe Evolution of Political Systems: Sociopolitics in Small-Scale Sedentary Societies   & Cambridgee  6Cambridge University Press "62-86e P3selection evolution archaeology social organizationz David P. Braun 1991D>Why Decorate a Pot? Midwestern Household Pottery 200 BC-AD 600,&Journal of Anthropological Archaeology10360-397Braun, David P.m 1996piCoevolution of Sedentism, Pottery, Technology, and Horticulture in the Central Midwest, 200 B.C.-A.D. 600 O'Brien, Michael J.81Evolutionary Archaeology: Theory and Applicationc Salt Lake City University of Utah Press270-283aSkibo, James M.o,%Foundations of Archaeological Inquiry4.archaeological theory evolutionary archaeology Alilcia Bray 1982PJMimbres Black-on-White, meamine or wedgewood? A ceramic use-wear analysis.The Kiva473133-149*$Correlating Vessel Form and FunctionTamara L. Bray 1995JCThe Panzaleo Puzzle: Non-Local Pottery in Northern Highland Ecuador"Journal of Field Archaeology222137-156Brayer, Herbert O. 1938f_The University of New Mexico Bulletin: Pueblo Indian Land Grants of the "Rio Abajo," New Mexicoe  Albuquerque $University of New Mexico Press1  Brewer, R. 1964*$Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soils New York Wileyf Brightman, R. 1996RKThe Sexual Division of Foraging Labor: Biology, Taboo, and Gender Politics0*Comparative Studies in Society and History38687-729Bronitsky, Gordone 1982:3The Southwest and the Plains: Ecology and Economics Plains Anthropologistc 67-73Gordon Bronitsky 1986\UThe use of materials science techniques in the study of pottery construction and use. Michael B. Schifferr2,Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory New York Academic Press9n209-276xVessel Propertiesg$Gordon Bronitsky Robert Hammer 1986|uExperiments in ceramic technology: the effects of various tempering materials on impact and thermal-shock resistance.lAmercian Antiquity511u 89-101Vessel PropertiespGordon Bronitsky 1986<6Compressive Testing of Ceramics: A soutwestern ExampleThe Kiva512r 85-98Gordon Bronitsky 19892+Ceramics and Temper: A Response to FeathersAmerican Antiquity543589-593Brooks, Richard Howard 1971NGLithic Traditions in Northwestern Mexico, Paleo-Indian to ChalchihuitesaUnpublished PhDr Anthropology University of Colorado Boulder  archaeology Mexico PaquimBrooks, Robert L. 1982JCEvents in the Archaeological Context and Archaeological ExplanationiCurrent Anthropology231c 67-75yarchaeological theory Nstr bLister, Robert H. 1960B;History of Archaeological Field Work in Northwestern Mexico El Palacio674118-124 This short paper has an outline of previous work in western Durango and Chihuahua and a summary of University of Colorado work in Chihuahua. In 1924 Kidder summarized northwest Chihuahua as part of Southwestern Pueblo culture, and assigned a time-span of about A.D. 1000 to 1450. There is a quick review of work up to 1941 that covers research included in other citations. Lister concludes this section stating that people generally accept contacts between Mexico and the Southwest although there is no actual evidence. The apparent gap between the two regions is mentioned. Lister mentions that Edward Ferdon and Paul Reiter have worked in northwest Mexico. (* Reiter ran a UNM advanced field school in southeast Chihuahua sometime in the late 1940's; I am not aware of any related publications. I do not know what work Ferdon was doing). Lister next shifts to summarizing his work (with Colorado) in the area. They began working in the Sierra in 1951 in Chihuahua, Sonora and Durango. Lister believes that the Sierra served as a corridor was a corridor between the Southwest and Mesoamerica. Some of the earlier cave deposits that they excavated are presented as representing the period of early contact between Mesoamerica and the Southwest. The earliest Mogollon horizons in the Sierra caves have Alma pottery variants, but are no earlier than Mogollon 3 which they place around A.D. 900. These deposits are overlain by the cliff dwellings. "Apparently the possessors of Mogollon culture living in the northern Sierra Madre were affected by the same Pueblo influence which caused Mogollon people to the north to adopt Pueblo architecture." Lister equates the cliff dwellings with Mogollon 4 or early Mogollon 5, spanning approximately A.D. 900-1100. These sites were them abandoned between A.D. 1000-1100, concurrent with the emergence of Casas Grandes villages along river valleys and in basins. People began moving out of the mountains, perhaps seeking more extensive farmlands, losing their Mogollon identity, and developing into Casas Grandes culture. Lister sees this process as a link between (northern) Mexico and the Southwest consequent to the earlier spread of agriculture and pottery. More recently Lister has worked in southeast Durango and found similar brownwares. In conclusions Lister believes that the cliff dwellings are not part of Casas Grandes culture; that Casas Grandes sites are all east of the Sierra; the earliest ceramics are brownwares associated with Mogollon culture; the pre-ceramic levels with corn in the caves are evidence for the early spread of corn northward; and the gap between regions is closed. In the final paragraph Lister asks if there might have been Toltec migrants to the Southwest. * Lister's ideas on the cliff houses are off the mark but the only date he could have referred to at the time is Haury's (1938) tree ring date of A.D. 1374 + x. Calling the cliff dwelling Mogollon distinct from Casas Grandes ignores innumerable similarities.*$Lister, Robert H. Florence C. Lister 1984 Chaco Canyon Albuquerque, NMi $University of New Mexico Press 0=8263-0574-1 ARCHAEOLOGYLNew Mexico: Antiquities: excavation: Archaeology: Chaco Canyon: A complete and concise summary of work carried out on Cahco Canyon since its discovery up to the research in the 1970s. pbk*#Florence C. Lister Robert H. Lister 19846/The Potters' Quarter of Colonial Puebla, MexicoHistorical Archaeology181 87-102  Littin, G. R. 1979voMaps Showing Ground-Water Conditions in the Agua Fria River Area, Yavapai and Maricopa Counties, Arizona-- 1979 Phoenix HAArizona Department of Water Resources and U. S. Geological Surveyground water resources 1:250,000` mapSet of two maps showing a) specific conductance and flouride concentration and b) depth to water, altitude of water level, and well depth in the Agua Fria areap.'Little, John D. C. Little, Elizabeth A.z 199781Analysing Prehistoric Diets by Linear Programminge(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencet24741-747tstable isotopes diet SW\.'Litvak, Jaime Barba, Luis Schmidt, Paul 19902+A Mobile Laboratory for Surface Archaeologyr"Journal of Field Archaeology17373-378t#####KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKMMMMM$$$$$$$$$$$$PPPPPPPPPPPNNNNNNNNNNNNNQQQQQQQQQSSSSSSSSSS WWWWWWWWWWWWWWYYYYYYYYYYYZZZZZZZZ%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%++++++++++))))))))aaaaaaa''''''' [[[[[[[((((((*****,,,,\\\\\\RRRRR,v$f+x*|R Blinman, Eric 1997Book Review EssaysAmerican Anthropologiste992sReviews the book, "The Emergence of Pottery: Technology and Innovation in Ancient Societies," by William K. Barnett and John W. Hoopes and "The Social Dynamics of Pottery Style in the Early Puebloan Southwest," by Michelle Hegmon. John H. Blitt 1993PIBig Pots for Big Shots: feasting and Storgae in a Mississippian CommunityAmerican Antiquity581 80-96>"Bobrowsky, Peter T. Ball, Bruce B.  1989  D'Leonard, Robert D. Jones, George Thomas  & Cambridge  6Cambridge University Press  4-12 \?The Theory and Mechanics of Ecological Diversity in Archaeologyy @$Quantifying Diversity in Archaeology  Bodreau, E.H.n 1976.(R.F. Grigsby's Sierra Madre Journal 1864 Pleasant Hill Press Sebastopol, Californiaarchaeology Mexico Boehm, C. 1993:4Egalitarian Behavior and Reverse Dominance HierarchyCurrent Anthropology343227-254 Boggs, Sam 19952,Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Englewood Cliffs, NJ  Prentice Hall\$Peter Bogucki Ryszard Grygiel 1993<5The First Farmers of Central Europe: A Survey Article"Journal of Field Archaeology204399-4260)Bohn, H. L. McNeal, B. L. O'Connor, G. A. 1985Soil Chemistry New York John Wiley and SonstBohrer, Vorsila L. 198482Domesticated and Wild Crops in the CAEP Study Area $Spoerl, P. M. Gumerman, G. J.id^Prehistoric Cultural Development in Central Arizona: Archaeology of the Upper New River Region  Carbondale ^XSouthern Illinois University Center for Archaeological Investigations Occasional Paper 5183-260 archaeologya& archaeology ebot pollen macrobot<6macrobot and pollen from three excavated sites on AFNMBohrer, Vorsila L. 1991LFRecently Recognized Cultivated and Encouraged Plants among the Hohokam Kiva563f227-235oarchaeology farming\Brief discussion of plants managed by the Hohokam, recognized as such by anomalies in geographic distribution (Agave americana, Agave murpheyi, and cholla aka Opuntia subgenus Cylindropuntia) or by morphological changes (little barley, Hordeum pusillum; mexican crucillo, Condalia warnockii var. kearneyana; Amaranthus hypochondriacus; tobacco, Nicotiana rustica); some suggestions about possible cultivation of Chonopodium also.a Bolger, Diane 1996VOFigurines, fertility and the emergence of complex society in prehistoric Cyprus Current anthropology372f365-373 ("Cyprus, complex society, figurinesBIs it Evolution Yet? A Critique of "Evolutionary Archaeology"JDDraft of manuscript accepted for publication in Current Anthropologyrchaeology, Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation Washington, DC $Smithsonian Institution PressBetzinez, Jason  199?I Fought with Geronimo New York  Bonanza Books& Apache conflict ethnology MexicoBickerton, Derek 1990Language and Species Chicago "University of Chicago Press 297 $Bigham, J. M. Ciolkosz, E. J. 1993 Soil Color Special Publication No. 31  Madison, WI\ &Soil Science Society of AmericanS&+ R Q*)(0t'b&/%$P #x."!d- (!Boone, James L. Smith, Eric Alden i.p.D>Is it Evolution Yet? A Critique of "Evolutionary Archaeology"JCarchaeological theory evolutionary archaeology evolutionary ecologylBos, R. H. G. Sevnik, J. 1975Introduction of Gradational and Pedomorphic Features in Descriptions of Soils: A Discussion of the Soil Horizon Concept with Special References to PaleosolsJournal of Soil Science26223-233 Boserup, E. 1965,%The Conditions of Agricultural Growth Chicago AldineHABosqued, Concepcion Blasco Preysler, Javier Baena Espiago, Javier 1996zsThe Role of GIS in the Management of Archaeological Data: An Example of Application for the Spanish Administration 0)Aldenderfer, Mark Maschner, Herbert D. G.M<6Anthropology, Space and Geographic Information Systems Oxford Oxford University Pressy190-201 @:Goodchild, M. F. Burrough, P. A. McDonnell, R. Switzer, P. Spatial Information Series"anthropology archaeology GISBouma, Arnold H. 19796/Methods for the Study of Sedimentary Structures New York (!Robert Krieger Publishing Company Bourdieu, Pierre 1972HAStructures, Habitus, Power: Basis for a Theory of Symbolic Power4155-199 PIBower, Nathan W., Steve Faciszewski, Stephen Renwick, and Stewert Peckham\ 1986jcA Preliminary Analysis of Rio Grande Glazes of the Classic Period Using SEM with X-Ray Fluorescencen"Journal of Field Archaeology133307-315Nathan Bower et al.P 1986{A preliminary Analysis of Rio grande Glazes of the Classic Period Using Scanning Electron Microsopy with X-ray Fluorescencet"Journal of Field Archaeology133307-316 Bradfield, M.i 1971.'The Canging Pattern of Hopi AgricultureB B!Blackwell Scientific Publications  1-25 James E. Brady 19924.Function and Meaning of Lowland Maya Shoe-Pots$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al16 1-10 Brady, Nyle C. Weil, R. R. 1996("The Nature and Properties of Soils Upper Saddle River, NJ  Prentice Hall 11thBraidwood, Robert J. 1967Prehistoric Men Glenview Scott, Foresman 181 7th ed pbk a Brain, C. K. 198182Parts of the Skeleton: Survival and Disappearance 11-26Brainerd, George W.n 1941$Fine Orange Pottery in Yucatan2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios AntropolgicosnV  2-30163-1835 F1201 .R46} mesoamerica^Xarchaeology ceramics interaction mesoamerica mixteca-puebla maya postclassic prehispanic}Deals with the interaction betwenn Yucatan and other Maya sites, as well as sites in the Mixteca-Puebla, and Veracruz regionsBrainerd, George W.g1952-53 NGOn the Design of the Fine Orange Pottery found at Chichen Itza, Yucatanr2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolgicos XIII 2-3463-473 F1201 .R462 mesoamerica~wanalysis toltec archaeology ceramics chichen-itza gulf interaction mesoamerica postclassic prehispanic veracruz yucatans|Stylistic analysis of Fine Orange Pottery. Postclassic. Interaction with Central Veracruz rather than Central Mexico (Tula). Brammer, H. 1971*$Coatings in Seasonally Flooded SoilsGeoderma6a 5-6u 10-16oBrand, Donald D. 19336/The Historical Geography of Northwest Chihuahua Dissertation University of California Department of GeographyUnpublished PhDarchaeology MexicoBrand, Donald D. 1944HBArchaeological Relations Between Northern Mexico and the Southwest4-El Norte de Mxico y el Sur de Estados Unidose &Tercera Reunin de Mesa Redondai199-203 ?r  Mxico, D.F.archaeology MexicoBrand, Donald D. 194460A Note on the Pre-ceramic Man in Northern Mexico4-El Norte de Mxico y el Sur de Estados Unidos &Tercera Reunin de Mesa Redonda. 164a ?i  Mxico, D.F.archaeology MexicoBrandt, Elizabeth A. 1979 Sandia Pueblo  Alfonso Ortiz>7Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 9, Southwest Washington D.C.\ Smithsonian InsitutionBrandt, Elizabeth A. 1980.'On Secrecy and the Control of Knowledge  Tefft, S.c,%Secrecy: A Cross-Cultural Perspectivey New York Human Sciences Press123-146 leadership& ethnographic Puebloan leadershipBrandt, Elizabeth A. 19814-Toward a General Model of Pueblo FactionalismnnhPaper presented at the Symposium on Taos Factionalism at the Meeting of American Society of Ethnohistory Colorado Springs, Colorado ethnographic& ethnographic Puebloan leadership:4Brandt, Roel Groenewoudt, Bert J. Kvamme, Kenneth L. 1992f`An Experiment in Archaeological Site Location: Modeling in the Netherlands Using GIS TechniquesWorld Archaeology242268-282y(!Europe GIS site location modelingBrandt, Elizabeth A. 1994B"=43<;:9827 ,%Brooks, Richard H. Sheilagh T. Brooksc 1985jdArchaeological, Ethnological and Historical Implications of the Game "Cuatro" in Northwestern Mexico81The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mesoamericar (!Michael S. Foster Phil C. Weigand Westview Press Boulder d^This article is a promising projection of present observations into past activities. Discoid artifacts have been found on various sites in northwestern Mexico. The area involved is the present range of the Tarahumara and Tepehuan Indians. The discoids have no signs of use or wear, so their function was a mystery until a Tarahumara informant advised Brooks and Brooks that they were game pieces. Lumholtz (1903) saw the game played and described it. Following Lumholtz the disk is flat on one side and round on the other. There are four players, each with three stones, and two players to a side. They try to throw the stones closest to a small hole. The two holes are up to 30 m apart according to eyewitness accounts by Bennett and Zingg (1935). Pennington (1963) gives a similar account of the game although there are variants of the game. The discoids are usually made from "lighter" igneous rock. They are flat on one side and convex on the other, with very steep edge trim. Bennett and Zingg (1935) report some of the disks are made from ground sherds. Sherd disks at Paquim reported by Di Peso (1974) may also be gaming pieces. The Brooks liken this game to quoits, a similar European game traced to Classical Greece. There is only one account of the Spaniards playing the game in Europe. Discoids have been found at surface on sites along the east slope of the Sierras in Chihuahua and Durango, on stretches of the Rio Florida and several locations around Cd. Chihuahua. However, the disc game pieces have not been recognized in an excavated context. A second problem is lacking contact period information from early Spanish documents. Finding evidence of the game in a pre-contact archaeological context would prove that it was not introduced by the Spanish. This paper wanders a bit and does more to define a problem than to resolve one. But this game is potentially a useful marker of Tarahumara and Tepehuan ancestry or prehistoric range if it can be identified archaeologically. I do not recall seeing such artifacts in Chihuahua. See Doolittle (1987) in The Kiva 52(2):154-160 for a review of this book.archaeology Mexico("Mark J. Brooks Kenneth E. Sassaman 1990tnPoint Bar Geoarchaeology in the Upper Coastal Plain of the Savannah River Valley, South Carolina; A Case Study Lasca, N.P. Donahue, J..'Archaeological Geology of North America  Boulder, CO @:Geological Society of America, Centennial Special Volume 4183-197 XRon file, Anth 294, geoarchaeology, North America, alluvial environments, sedimentsBrooks, Robert L. 199?b[Responses to Risk and Uncertainty Among Southern Plains Villagers: The Washita River Phasec0)Oklahoma Anthropological Society Bulletin189-2020*agriculture production subsistence Plains,%Broughton, Jack M. Grayson, Donald K.u 1993B8Weaving and Cooking: Women's Production in Aztec Mexico &Gero, J. M. Conkey, Margaret W.2,Engendering Archaeology: Women & Prehistory Oxford Basil Blackwelle224-251nBrunson Nichols Joha 198481Excavation Notes: N:16:6 (ASU), or N:16:214 (ASM)z\UManuscript on file, Department of Anthropology Collections, Arizona State University.e site record VPExcavation notes for Badger Springs Site. Originals on file at ASU Collections.Brush, Stephen B. 1992202=145-168EcologyhbReconsidering the Green Revolution: Diversity and Stability in Cradle Areas of Crop Domestication&agriculture diversity variationi Bryan, K. 19434.Soil Phenomena as Evidence of Climatic Changes"American Journal of Science\ 241l469-490sDouglas Donne Bryant 1984F?Early Pottery from Santa Cruz, Chiapas Central Highland, Mexicok$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al13 42-47*#Douglas Donne Bryant Jerry D. Moore 1984<6San Jacinto Pottery in Terminal Preclassic Mesoamerica$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al13 48-68("Douglas Donne Bryant M. Jill Brody 19860*Modern and Prehistoric Pottery Manufacture$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al14 73-86nBryson, Reid A. 1985:3On Climatic Analogs in Paleoclimatic ReconstructionQuaternary Research23275-286n& environment environment Holocene0*Buck, C. E. Cavanaugh, W. G. Litton, C. D. 1989VOTools for the Interpretation of Soil Phosphate Data from Archaeological Surveyst Nottingham, England "Nottingham Statistics GroupBuckley, Walter  1968*$Society as a Complex Adaptive System Buckley, Walter\:4Modern Systems Research for the Behavioral Scientist Chicago Aldine490-513("Minnis' Ecology class, Spring 1996$adaptation complexity ecology,$Buckman, H. O. Brady, Nyle C. 1969("The Nature and Properties of Soils New York Wiley\B=U<|TSR0QnPONM.Carmichael, D. L.  1990 jMGIS Predictive Modelling of Prehistoric Site Distributions in Central Montana  J-Allen, K. M. S. Green, S. W. Zubrow, E. B. W. D(Interpreting Space: GIS and Archaeology  $New York  .Taylor and Francis $216-225b ,gis archaeologyg Carneiro, Robert L.a 1970("A Quantitative Law in AnthropologyAmerican Antiquity354492-494archaeological theoryCarneiro, Robert L.i 1972"A Quantitative Law DefendedAmerican Antiquity373449-451archaeological theory-,Carneiro, R. L.d  1974 @#A Theory of the Origin of the Statea  ( Cohen, Y. A. D(Man In Adaptation: The Cultural Present  $Chicago  "Aldine $417-426  2nd `Canthropology archaeology cultural evolution state complex societieso 0Carneiro, Robert L.  1981  6Jones, G. D. Kautz, R. R. H,The Transition to Statehood in the New World  & Cambridges  6Cambridge University Press B&The Chiefdoms: Precursor to the State Carneiro, Robert L.i 1994<6War and Peace: Alternating Realities in Human History Reyna, S. P. Downs, R. E.2+Studying War: Anthropological Perspectives  Langhorne, PAl ("Gordon & Breach Science Publishers 3-276/cultural evolution social organization conflict&Carpenter, A. J. Feinman, G. M.p 1999nhThe Effects of Behaviour on Ceramic Composition: Implications for the Definition of Production Locations(!Journal of Arcaheological Science2670783-7960Carr, Fletcher A. 19354-The Ancient Pueblo Culture of Northern Mexico Department of Anthropology Tucson University of Arizonae"Unpublished Master's Thesis  archaeology Mexico PaquimChristopher Carr 1990NHAdvances in ceramic radiography and analysis: Application and potentials(!Journal of Archaeological Science17 13-34,%Christopher Carr Earle B. Jr. Riddick 1990F@Advances in ceramic radiography and analysis: Laboratory methods(!Journal of Archaeological Science17 35-66dChristopher Carr 199381Identifying Individual Vessels with X-RadiographyAmerican Antiquity581 96-117* Carter, G. F.  1945 Z=Plant Geography and Culture History in the American Southwest  & C. Osgoode J.Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 5  $New York  .Viking Fund, Inc.h  140i "Minnis L0ecology culture Southwestern US archaeology Pima  Carter, G. F. 1956On Soil Color and Time*$Southwestern Journal of Anthropology12295-324\Carter, James R. 19886/Digital Representations of Topographic Surfacese4.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing5411 1577-1580 Carter, Martin R.S 1993,%Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysisa Boca Raton, FL 81Canadian Society of Soil Science, Lewis Publisher{("Carter, Brian J. Bement, Leland C. 1995,&Soil Investigations at the Cooper Site*#Current Research in the Pleistocenev12109-111Carter, William B. 20022,Indian Alliances in the Southwest, 1300-1706 Department of Anthropology Arizona State University"Unpublished PhD Dissertation.'Carvajal, Agustn Valencia Cruz, Daniel 1989La Casa de TalaveradNotas Mesoamericanas11229-245 mesoamericaDescribes colonial materials found in a building at Mexico City during reconstruction operations. Links these materials with an ethnohistoric document that lists the potters from colonial Puebla.i`Carchaeology architecture ceramics colonial mexico city mesoamerica aM. O. H. CarverU 19854.Theory and Practice in Urban Pottery Seraition(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencee12353-366oVOCasas, Alejandro del Carmen Vzquez, Mari Viveros, Juan Luis Caballero, Javiern 1996Plant Management Among the Nahua and the Mixtec in the Balsas River Basin, Mexico: An Ethnobotanical Approach to the Study of Plant Domestication244i455-478Ecology.(domestication ethnobotany ecology Mexico ,nB Political Strategies in Late and Terminal Classic Lowland Maya Society.Latin American Antiquity103  James A. Neely Paul Storch 1988F@Friable Pigments and Ceramic Surfaces: A Case Study from SW Iran"Journal of Field Archaeology151108-113*$Hector Neff R. L. Bishop E. V. Sayre 1988leA Simulation Approach to the Problem of Tempering in Compositional Studies of Archaeological Ceramics(!Journal of Archaeological Science315159-172aHector Neff et al. 1988b\Reconstructing Ceramic Production from Ceramic Compositional Data: An Example from Guatemala"Journal of Field Archaeology153339-348*#Hector Neff R. L. Bishop E.V. Sayren 1989haMore Observations on the Problem of Tempering in Compositional Studies of Archaeological Ceramicsm(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencem16 57-695 Hector Neff 1993f_Theory, Sampling, and Analytical Techniques in the Archaeological Study of Prehistoric CeramicsAmerican Antiquity581 23-44 JCHector Neff Frederick J. Bove Eugenia J. Robinson Barbara L. Arroyo 1994hbA Ceramic Compositional Perspective on the Formative to Classic Transition in Southern MesoamericaLatin AMerican Antiquity5333-358 Neff, Hector 1996Ceramics and Evolution O'Brien, Michael J.81Evolutionary Archaeology: Theory and Application Salt Lake City University of Utah Press244-269nSkibo, James M.g,%Foundations of Archaeological Inquirye4.archaeological theory evolutionary archaeologyLFNeff, Hector, Michael D. Glascock, Ronald L. Bishop, M. James Blackman 1996*#An assessment of the acid-extraction approach to compositional characterization of archaeological ceramics [comments on 'Acid extraction as a simple and inexpensive method for compositional characterization of archaeological ceramics' by JH Burton and AW Simon, Amer Antiq 1993 (58:1) 45-59]tAmerican antiquity612389-404& ceramics, compositional analysis Neff, Curt 1999Measuring Soil MoisturerThe Natural Resource1\2g 1, 3&Neff, Hector Bove, Frederick J.G 1999f`Mapping Ceramic Compositional Variation and Prehistoric Interaction in Pacific Coastal Guatemala(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencen268A 1037-1052cS?1985= Abbott1964, Abbott19955B Abbott2000U Abbott2003Abrahams19977Abrahams19988Abrahams20000Abrahams20000 Aburto19911 Acheson1990 Achim1987 Adams1973 Adams1983+ Adams1987r Adams1989s Adams1989 Adams1991 Adams1993t Adams1993C Adams1994D Adams1996E Adams1998&GAdams?Cacao Residues in Ancient Maya Vessels from Rio Azul, Guatemalaau Adamson1987v Adan-Bayewitz1992 Adler1989F Adler1990 Adler1994 Adler1996G Adler1996 Adler1996Adovasio1986wAgrinier1989 Ahler1973Ahlrichs1972Ahlstrom1985Ahlstrom1991Ahlstrom1992Ahlstrom1995Ahlstrom1995& Aitken1930 al.1983 al.1986 al.1986u al.1987 al.1987 al.1988 al.1988 al.1989 Albert1986O Albritton19741 Alcorn19919 Aldenderfer1996 Aldenderfer1996 Alef1995 Alexander1949 Alexander1994 Allen1965 Allen1990x Allen1994 Allen1994 Allen1996 Allison2000 Alloway1995 Altieri1987 Alvarez1978 Ambler1977[ Ambos1996 Amorosi1988Amundson1996jAndelson1986Anderson1974Anderson1978yAnderson1990zAnderson1998 Andrade1983{ Andrews1988 Anonymous1975 Anonymous1980 Anonymous1984j Anthony19904 Anthony1990 Antoci1993H Anyon1980I Anyon1981 Anyon1996j Anyon1997 Anyon1999 Aranson1983& Ardren1998 Arendt19747 Aristotle 384 - 322 BCArmillas1969 Arnason1984| Arnauld1988Q Arnauld1988} Arnold1985~ Arnold1990 Arnold1991 Arnold1991 Arnold1993 Arnold1993 Arnold1999' Arnon1979 Aronoff1989 Aronson1994 Aronson1996 Arrhenius1931 Arrhenius1955 Arrhenius1963 Arroyo19949 Artz1985 Aschenbrenner1985 Ascher1960Ashcroft1995Ashcroft1997 ASU1965 ASU1965 ASU1973 ASU1973 ASU1975 ASU1975 ASU1988 ASU1988 ASU1991 Atley1990 Attas1987 Axtell1979( Ayala1981 AZSITE1987 AZSITE1997 AZSITE1998 AZSITE1999 AZSITE1999 AZSITE1999 Baacho1983 Baeudry1983 Bahn19919 Bahr1983 Bahri1993 Baker2002Bakkevig1980& Baldwin1992 Balkansky1997 Ball1984 Ball1989 Ball1992 Ball20000 Balla1999Bamforth1997 Bandelier1890 Bankes1975  Barba1978  Barba1984  Barba1986  Barba1987 Barba1988  Barba1990 Barba1990 Barba1990 Barba1991 Barba1991 Barba1992 Barba1992 Barba19926 Barba1992 Barba19937 Barba19938 Barba1994 Barba1995 Barber1993Barbetti1989 Barham1995 Barka1985 Barker1950 Barker1975 Barkla1997 Barley1959 Barlow1951 Barnett1990V Barrett1984 Barron19933 Barter19577 Barth1956Bartlett1854Bartlett1965 Basile1971 Bates1993 Bates2000 Bates2000 Batten1970 Bauder1986 Baugh1987  Baugh1987 Baugh1987Baumhoff19822 Bayard1969 Bayard1972 Bayman1997J Bayman2001K Bayman2002q Beach1994r Beach1996s Beach1997t Beach1998u Beach1998v Beachn.d. Beale1973 Beale1978hBeaudoin1991 Beaudry1988Beaudry-Corbett1996 Bechtel1985 Beck1990 Beckett1971k Beekman1995o Beekman2003 Beer1967 Behrensmeyer1977 Behrensmeyer1978 Beier1992W Bell1942 Bell19911 Bell1994 Bell20000 Bello1978 Bellomo1991 Bement1994> Bement1995 Bender1988 Benfer1968 Benn1995 Bennet1935 Bennett1976 Bennett1976\ Bennyhoff1967 Berger1972 Bergoften1991 Berkner1972 Berlin1977 Berman19966 Bermann1998 Bernal1949 Bernardini1996L Bernardini1998M Bernardini1999 Bernardini2000  Bernardini2002 Bernardini2005 Berndtsson1993 Berry1982N Berry1985 Berry199? Berthelin1995 Berthelin1995 Betancourt198?  Bethell1989! Bethell1989 Bethell1996 Bettinger1982 Bettinger1991" Bettis1984# Bettis1991Betzinez199? Bey1992 Bey1997 Bey III1998 Beynon1986 Bickerton1990 Bigelow1988$ Bigham1993 Bilsbarrow1997 Bilsbarrow1997 Bilsbarrown.d.% Bilzi1977 Bina19999 Binford1962 Binford1965 Binford1967 Binford1967  Binford1968  Binford1968  Binford1968  Binford1978  Binford1980 Binford1981 Binford1981 Binford1982 Binford1983 Binford1985 Binford1988 Binford1992&Bintliff1990' Birkeland1974( Birkeland1984 Birmingham1985  Bishop1988 Bishop1988 Bishop1988 Bishop1989 Bishop1990 Bishop19909 Bishop19900 Bishop1991{ Bishop19944 Bishop19944 Bishop1997 Bishop2000t)Bjelajac1996 Blackiston1905 Blackiston1906 Blackiston1906 Blackiston1908Blackman1993GBlackman1993Blackmanet al.O Blake1986 Blakely1988 Blakey1987 Blanton1995 Bleed1997 Blinkhorn1997k Blinman1987 Blinman1997 Blitt1993 Bobrowsky1989 Bodreau1976 Boehm1993 Boelke19949* Boggs1995 Bogucki1993+ Bohn1985 Bohrer1984 Bohrer1991 Bolger1996r Boling1989s Boling1989 Bollag19959    &C'  br/8 Z 'g Y  X  "0 :  @E Q 7 Xc  Yl E  2 ?GW_v\:  ~ -?2| Sbs PW { 08?UZfb {   & ^ HCon file, Anth 294, geoarchaeology, alluvial environments, sedimentsXRon file, Anth 294, geoarchaeology, North America, alluvial environments, sediments0,on file, Anth 294, geoarchaeology, sediments<6on file, archaeology, Mesoamerica, settlement patternson file, geoarchaeologyTOon file, geoarchaeology, Maya, pedology, Cobweb Swamp, Pulltrouser Swamp, NakbeLIon file, geoarchaeology, Mexico, agriculture, flooding, population growthPJon file, irrigation, water management, dating, American Southwest, Hohokamhbon file, irrigation, water management, Hohokam, American Southwest, New World, archaeology, canals$!on file, Mesoamerica, archaeologytqon file, Mesoamerica, Maya, agriculture, water management, subsistence, botanical and faunal studies, cultivationtnon file, remote sensing, archaeology, Maya, Mesoamerica, agriculture, paleoecology, Yucatan Peninsula, climateTPon file, South America, water management, Tiwanaku, archaeology, ideology, AndesLGon file, water, water management, archaeology, North America, New World organizationorigin of agricultureP IP IV paleoclimate Papago Paquim petrography phosphatephysical anthropologyPima pithouse Plains Plant remains (Archaeology) plants politics pollen populationpost-processual postclassicpower prehispanic processual production protohistoric puebla Pueblo Pueblo Indians Implements. Puebloan$quantitative methods, ceramics0-Quantitative methods, ceramics, vessel volume$quantitiative methods, ceramicsrace religionresource conflict Rio GrandeRio Grande generalrisk ritualroads rock art Salado(%Samoa, quantitative methods, ceramics scalar stressscale scavenging science4.Seacow valley, pottery decorations, chronology sedentism sediments selection seriationsettlement patternssignaling systemsignaling systemssignaling, calendar signaling, earliest record.signaling, pyrdetai simulation sinaloasite location modeling site recordsite structure slaverysocial integration<7Social Issues in the Organization of Pottery Production<8Social Issues in the Organization of Pottery Production,social organizationsocial structure society sociobiologysoilsoil chemistryTQsoil chemistry, phosphates, heavy metals, land-use, households, Maya, archaeologysoils Sonora0-South Africa, ceramic production, ethnographySouth Africa, figurines4/South Africa, stratigraphy, pottery, chronology southwest Southwest, New Antiquities.("Southwest, New History Chronology.Southwestern USspatial analysis stabilitystable isotopesstate statisticsstochastic processes stressstylistic analysis subsistence surveySW SW general SW-Mesoamerican connections systems tabasco tamaulipas taphonomy Tarahumara$ technological style, vessel form technology teotihuacanterritoriality theory tlatilco tlaxcala toltec totonactrade transmission tribes trincherastula typology tzintzuntzanUSSR variation veracruz Verde Valley41Vessel Form, Technological Style, Vessel FunctionVessel Propertiesviewshed analysis W Pueblo warfare watchtowerwater-control features west mexico xochicalco yucatanZui X> Rendon, SilviaRenfrew, ColinReuland, D. J. Rey, Agapito Reyman, J. E.Reyman, JonathanReyman, Jonathan E.Reyna Robles, Rosa Ma. Reyna, S. P.Reynders, J. J.Reynolds, K. S.Reynolds, Larry T.Reynoso, Luoisa Rice, Glen E.Rice, Glenn E.Rice, PrudenceRice, Prudence M.,)Richard E. W. Adams, and Murdo J. MacLeodRichards, M. P. Riches, D. Riches, R.Riddick, Earle B. Jr.Ridings, Rosanna Rigby, V.Riguad, Jean-PhillipeRiley, Carrol L.Riley, Carroll L. Riley, T. J. Rinaldo, J.B.Rinaldo, John B. Rindos, D. Rindos, DavidRingle, William MRingle, William M. Roaf, MichaelRoberts, Daniel G. Roberts, H.Roberts, HeidiRobertshaw, Francis B.Robertson, Gerald Jr.Robertson, Ian Robertson, J. Robins, D.Robinson, D. G.Robinson, Eugenia J.Robinson, V. J.Robinson, William J.Rocek, Thomas R. Rodgers, J. Rodrguez Snchez, Ernesto A.Rodrguez, RobertoRojas Chvez, Juan MartnRolfsen, PerryRoney, John R.Roosevelt, Anna C.Rosado Ojeda, VladimiroRosen, Arlene M.Rosenzweig, Michael L. Ross, Eric Ross, Kurt Rossignol, J.Rossignol, Jacqueline Rounds, J. Rouse, IrvingRouse, Irving B.Routh, Michael W. Roux, V. Rowe, W. F. Rowell, D. L.Rowlands, M. J. Rue, David J.Ruggles, Amy J.Ruggles, Clive L. N. Ruhf, W. A.Ruiz A., Mara Elena Rupp, D. W. Russell, D. Russell, F. Russell, N. Ruth, S.Ryerson, S. H.Sabloff, J. A.Sabloff, JeremySabloff, Jeremy A.Sackett, J. R.Sackett, JamesSadet, David W. Sahagn, Fray Bernardino deSahlins, Marshall D. Saitta, R. D.Sampson, C. Garth(#Sampson, C. Garth and John C. Vogel Sanders, LenaSanders, W. T.Sanders, William T. Sando, Joe S. Sandon, J.Sandor, Jonathan A.Santley, RobertSantley, Robert S.Sassaman, Kenneth E. Satoh, T.Saucier, R. T.Sauer, Norman J.Saunders, S. R. Sayles, E.B. Sayre, E. V. Sayre, E.V.Snchez Vizcano, AlbertoScarborough, Vernon L.Schaafsma, Curtis F. Schaafsma, P.Schaber, Gerald G.Schachner, GregsonSchackley, M. L.Schaus, Richard G.Schiffer, M. B.Schiffer, M.B.Schiffer, Michael B.Schlanger, Sarah H. Schlegel, A.Schlezinger, David R. Schmidt, PaulSchmidt, Robert H.Schmink, MarianneSchneider, GerwulfSchoeniger, M. J.Schoeniger, Margaret J.Schoeninger, Margaret J.0,School of American Research (Santa Fe, N.M.)Schortman, Edward M.0+Schortman, Edward M., and Patricia A. UrbanSchreiber, Katharina J. Schrire, CSchrive, CarmelSchroeder, Albert H.Schurr, Mark R.Schwalbe, L. A. Schwarcz, H.Schwartz, Douglas W.Schwarz, G. T.Schweger, CharlesSchwertmann, U.Scott, Stuart D. Scotter, G.Scudder, S. J.Sebastian, LynneSeeman, Mark F. Segraves, B.Segraves, B. A.Sellards, E. H.Selley, Richard C.Senior, Louise$!Senior, Louise, and DP III BirnieSerra Puche, Mari CarmenService, Elman RService, Elman R.Service, Helen SXMl#"5~04321LFV. Vitali J. W. Simmons E. F. Henrickson L. D. Levine R. G. V. Hancock 1987zA Hierarchical Taxonomic Procedure for Provenance Determination: A Case Study of Chalcolithic Ceramics from Central Zagros(!Journal of Archaeological Science14423-435y V. Vitali 1989B;Archaeometric Provenance Studies: An Expert System Approach(!Journal of Archaeological Science16383-391 V. Vitalil U. M. Franklin 1986xqNew Approaches to the Characterization anf Classification of Ceramics on the Basis of their Elemental Composition("Journal of Archaeological Ceramics13161-170rKaren D. Vitelli 1989:4Were Pots Forst Made for Food? Doubts from FranchthiWorld Archaeology211 17-29 Vivian, R.G. 1991Chacoan Subsistencee Crown, P.A. Judge, W.J.cPIChaco and Hohokam: Prehistoric Regional Systems in the American Southwest Santa Fe (!School of American Research Press 57-76 Chaco  Chaco diet Vivian, R.G. 1996 Chaco as a Regional System Fish, P.R. Reid, J.J.yZSInterpreting Southwestern Diversity: Underlying Principles and Overarching Patternse Tempec D>Arizona State University Anthropological Research Paper No. 48 45-54 Chaco  Chaco general"Voigt, Ehrard Gittins, Gayle 1977VPThe Lackfilm Method of Collecting Sedimentary Peels: Archaeological Applications"Journal of Field Archaeology4c4u449-457Von Winning, Hasso 1967@9Semejanzas Entre las Figurillas de Jaina y de Teotihuacano2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolgicost XXIn 41-69\ mesoamericalXQComparative analysis of figurines from Teotihuacan and Jaina, in the Maya region.hLarchaeology central ceramics classic figurines maya mesoamerica teotihuacan Wade, Edwin L. 1980zAmerica's Great Lost Expedition: The Thomas Keam Collection of Hopi Pottery from the Second Hemenway Expedition, 1890-1894  Phoenix, AZn  Heard Museum*#Wade, Edwin L. and Lea S. McChesneyy 1981nhHistoric Hopi Ceramics: The Thomas V. Keam Collection of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology  Cambridge, MAd Peabody Museum PressWailes, Bernards 1995rkA Case Study of Heterarchy in Complex Societies: Early Medieval Ireland and its Archeological Implicationsc <6Ehrenreich, Robert M. Crumley, Carol M. Levy, Janet E.D>Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex SocietiesPaquimePaquime 55-69aLFArcheological Papers of the American Anthropological Association No. 6JDWakeley, L.D. Murphy, W. L. Dunbar, J. B. Warne, A. G. Briuer, F. L. 1998Geologic, Geoarchaeologic, and Historical Investigations of the Discovery Site of Ancient Remains in Columbia Park, Kennewick, WashingtonD<5U.S Army Corps of Engineers Technical Report GL-98-13e  Vicksburg, MSe "Waterways Experiment StationHAWaldron, H. A. Khera, A. W alker, G. Wibberly, G. Green, C. J. S. 1979,%Lead Concentrations in Bones and Soil(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencen6295-2980*Wallace, H. D. Heidke, J. M. Doelle, W. H. 1995Hohokam Originsn Kiva60575-618aHohokamHohokam Wallis, F. S.l 1955BSex, Gender, and Status: Human Images from the Classic MimbresAmerican Antiquity65127-144 leadership,%social integration leadership Mimbres ,V:"Foncerrada de Molina, Marta, 1977Maya Vase Painting of the Classic Period: An Evaluation of the Formal Characteristics of Polychrome Designs Based on a Selection of a Limited Number of Archaeological Maya Vessels2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolgicos  XXIII2c247-270 mesoamericaoB!unpublished doctoral dissertationG Deetz, J. Dethlefsen, E. 1963>7Soil pH as a Tool in Archaeological Site InterpretationpAmerican Antiquity29242-243Deiter, Michaeli 1999 Book ReviewsAmerican Anthropologiste 101g1a194-195\f`Reviews the book "Pottery in Rajasthan: Ethnoarchaeology in Two Indian Cities," by Carol Kramer.$DeNiro, M J Schoeniger, M. J. 1983Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen: variations within individuals, between sexes, and within populations raised on monotonous diets(!Journal of Archaeological Science103199-203stable isotopes Derman, Bill 1995tmEnvironmental NGO's, Dispossession, and the State: The Ideology and Praxis of African Nature and Development232=199-215t& anthropology ecology environmentEcologyDi Peso, Charles C. 1951PIThe Babocomari Village Site on the Babicomari River, Southeastern ArizonaA The Amerind Foundation Dragoonrarchaeology MexicoDi Peso, C. Charles 1968:3Archaeology and Ethnohistory of the Northern Sierra Robert Wauchope*#Handbook of Middle American Indians Austin University of Texas Press4i 3-25Di Peso, Charles C.  1968,%Casas Grandes and the Gran Chichimecau  AlbuquerqueA Museum of New Mexico PressDi Peso, C. Charles 1968D=Casas Grandes: A Fallen Trading Center of the Gran Chichimecas The Masterkeye421  20-37iDi Peso, Charles C. 1974D>Casas Grandes: A Fallen Trading Center of the Gran Chichimeca*#The Amerind Foundation series no. 9  Flagstaff Northland Press 1-3Paquim Paquim atalayat<6Di Peso, Charles C. Rinaldo, John B. Fenner, Gloria J. 1974D>Casas Grandes: A Fallen Trading Center of the Gran Chichimeca&Amerind Foundation series no. 9  Flagstaff- Northland Press, 4-8 atalaya referencer0*Paquim Paquim atalaya Cerro de MoctezumaDi Peso, Charles C.  19762+Gila Polychrome in the Casas Grandes RegionsThe Kiva421 57-63Di Peso, Charles C. 1979&Prehistory: Southern Periphery Ortiz, Alfonso("Handbook of North American Indians Washington, D.C. $Smithsonian Institution Press19152-161eD>archaeology Mexico Southwestern US SW-Mesoamerican connectionsDi Peso, Charles C.  19802,Macaws. . . Crotals. . . and Trumpet Shells. Early Man23 4-11Di Peso, Charles C.  19810)The Rio Grande as Seen From Casas Grandesl82Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico6 23-417Di Peso, Charles C.n 1983:4The Northern Sector of the Mesoamerican World System Albert E. WardTMForgotten Places and Things: Archaeological Perspectives on American History  Albuquerque ("Center for Anthropological Studies 11-22Dickson, D. Brucee 1975~wSettlement Pattern Stability and Change in the Middle Northern Rio Grande Region, New Mexico: A Test of some HypothesesAmerican Antiquity402e159-171Diehl, Michael W.o 1996jdThe Intensity of Maize Processing and Production in Upland Mogollon Pithouse Villages, A.D. 200-1000American Antiquity61102-115nearly agriculture"agriculture, early MogollonNDiehl, Michael W. 1996pjThe Intensity of Maize Processing and Production in Upland Mogollon Pithouse Phase Villages, A.D. 200-1000American Antiquity611i102-115 ,& Diehl, Michael W. Gilman, Patricia A. 1996PJImplications from the Design of Different Southwestern Architectural Forms Fish, P.R. Reid, J.J.LFSouthwestern Diversity: Underlying Principles and Overarching Patterns Tempe, Arizona State University Clark, G.A.,&Anthropological Research Papers No. 48Diehl, Michael W.y 1998f`The Interpretation of Archaeological Floor Assemblages: A Case Study from the American SouthwestAmerican Antiquity63617-634 Mogollon/MimbresMimbres$Michael Dietler Ingrid Herbick 1989^XTich Matek: the Technology of Luo Pottery Production and the Definition of Ceramic StyleWorld Archaeologyd211t148-164 Dietz, E. F. 1957BAn Analysis of Fire-Cracked Rock: A Sedimentological Approach Stein, Julie K. Deciphering a Shell Midden New York Academic Press211-237e"geoarchaeology lithic studycLaville, Henri 1976ZTDeposits in Calcareous Rock Shelters: Analytical Methods and Climatic Interpretation $D. A. Davidson M. L. Shackley0)Geoarchaeoogy: Earth Science and the Pasth London  Duckworthi137-155:3Laville, Henri Riguad, Jean-Phillipe Sackett, James 1980ZSRockshelters of the Perigord: Geological Stratigraphy and Archaeological Successiona New York Academic PressHBLawson, T. Hopkins, D. W. Chudek, J. A. Janaway, R. C. Bell, M. G. 2000ztThe Experimental Earthwork at Wareham, Dorset After 33 Years: 3. Interaction of Soil Organisms with Buried Materials(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencei274 273-285Leaf, Anne Gatewoodt 1972$Experiments in Soil Chemistrya Broyles, Bettye J.NGProceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Southeastern Archaeological Conference Morgantown, WV ,&Southeastern Archaeological Conference 67-77Bulletin No. 15p  wL2"vuts81Dunning, Nicholas P. Beach, Timothy Rue, David J.r 1997RKThe Paleoecology and Ancient Settlement of the Petexbatn Region, GuatemalalAncient Mesoamerican8p255-266iLFDunning, Nicholas P. Beach, Timothy Farrell, P. Luzzadder-Beach, Susan 1998HAPrehispanic Agrosystems and Adaptive Regions in the Maya LowlandszCulture and Agriculture720 87-106PIDunning, Nicholas P. Rue, David J. Beach, Timothy Covich, A. Traverse, A. 1998zsHuman-environment Interactions in a Tropical Watershed: The Paleoecology of Laguna Tamarandito, El Petn, Guatemalah"Journal of Field Archaeology25139-151*#Dunning, Nicholas P. Beach, Timothy. n.d.voAn Ancient Maya Landscape: Environmental Archaeology and Ancient Settlement of the Petexbatun Region, Guatemalac  Nashville, TNo "Vanderbilt University PressjDurn, Fray Diegoe 1971:3Book of the Gods and Rites and The Ancient Calendar *$Fernando Horcasitas and Doris Heyden  Norman, OK "University of Oklahoma Press*$Dyson-Hudson, Rada Smith, Eric Alden 197881Human Territoriality: An Ecological ReassessmentaAmerican Anthropologistn80 21-41LFterritoriality resource conflict ecology sociobiology spatial analysis,&Earle, Timothy K. Ericson, Jonathon E. 19774.Exchange Systems in Archaeological Perspective ,&Earle, Timothy K. Ericson, Jonathon E.$Exchange Systems in Prehistory New York Academic Press 3-126/archaeological theory network analysis exchanges,Timothy K. Earle  1987 X;Chiefdoms in Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Perspective :Annual Review of Anthropologyn 16 $279-308 Earle, Timothy K. 1990@:Style and Iconography as Legitimation in Complex Chiefdoms ,&Conkey, Margaret W. Hastorf, Christine&The Use of Style in Archaeology  Cambridge Cambridge University PressLFarchaeology chiefdoms complex societies production stylistic analysis .Earle, Timothy K.  1991 D(Chiefdoms: Power, Economy, and Ideology  & Cambridge  6Cambridge University Press Earle, Timothy K. 1991 The Evolution of Chiefdoms Earle, Timothy K..(Chiefdoms: Power, Economy, and Ideology  Cambridget Cambridge University Press 1-15"chiefdoms cultural evolutionEarle, Timothy K.s 19912+Paths and Roads in Evolutionary Perspectivec Trombold, C. D.60Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies  Cambridge\ Cambridge University Press 10-16fngarchaeology complex societies cultural evolution network analysis roads interaction social organizationPEarls, Amy Clairee 1986B;The Organization of Piro Pueblo Subsistance, A.D. 1300-1680 Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico"Unpublished PhD Dissertation<5Ebert, James I. Camilli, Eileen L. Berman, Michael J. 1996@9GIS in the Analysis of Distributional Archaeological Data Maschner, Herbert D. G.b\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press 25-37S.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23a2,archaeology GIS methodology spatial analysis pbkl Eddy, F. W. Dregne, H. E. 1964TMSoil Tests on Alluvial and Archaeological Deposits, Navajo Reservoir Districtg El Palacio71 5-21`YEddy, Frank W., Dale R. Lightfoot, Eden A. Welker, Layne L. Wright, and Dolores C. Torresr 19964-Air Photographic Mapping of San Marcos Pueblo0"Journal of Field Archaeology231o 1-13 Editor, Arizona Cattlelog\ 1947JCWilliam W. Cook 1859-1943: Indian Fighter, Cattleman, Peace Officer1Arizona Cattlelogz3t4158 December 1947 historyhistoryW4.Owned ranch farther east, at head of New River Editor, Arizona Cattlelog 1951$William Henry Perry, 1844-1929Arizona Cattlelogn6 1268 August 1951\historyhistoryfrkPerry owned the A Dot and Bar Box ranches near the mouth of Ash Canyon; latter was in the family intil 1949  Eggan, F.a 19500*Social Organization of the Western Pueblos Chicagoi "University of Chicago Press7social organizationn.(ethnographic W Pueblo social integrationjust know about it9 Kelley, J Charles Kelley, J. Charles 19554.Juan Sabeata and Diffusion in Aboriginal TexasAmerican Anthropologist57ethnohistory Jumano N HThis paper is a "case history" of aboriginal diffusion in Texas. Juan Sabeata was the chief of the Jumano and Cibola Indians from about 1683 to 1692. He is described as a skilled gossip, intrigue artist and traveller, having crossed Texas at least eight times. The Jumano and Cibola were bison hunters and traders ranging through Texas and adjacent areas. Kelley is using accounts of Sabeata to look into processes of diffusion. The logic is that the Jumano, being such avid travellers, would introduce, and acquire culture traits in their movements. Up until A.D. 1700 these people were constantly at war with the Apache. Its not clear if the Jumano were Athapaskan, Uto-Aztecan or Caddoan. Kelley lists about a dozen tribes over a vast area that the Jumano would have come in contact with during their migrations. The Jumano tried to play off the French in east Texas with the Spanish in the west, which Kelley underscores as diffusion in action, since this involved displaying goods from destroyed French settlements. Trade in native artifacts is also suggested. The wandering pattern partially depended on getting horses in the late 1500's but the basic migratory trading pattern may go back as far as A.D. 1200. (It is not too clear where this date comes from). Kelley links the Jumano to Perdiz points. He suggests that the Jumano may have introduced the bow and arrow to coastal Texas tribes since the first arrow points to appear there are Perdiz. One consequence of this pattern of diffusion is that any given trait may not take hold along the line, but only at the endpoint of their wanderings, resulting in a hiatus of several hundred miles. Stimulus diffusion is the movement of traits by word of mouth. The effect of the individual is personalized diffusion. Kelley concludes that this is one case of a process that may have occurred in many situations. The archaeologist's explanatory tool is in material similarities. *This is an interesting paper for several reasons. It is more sophisticated than Rouse's 1987 treatment of diffusion which required an entire book. It also falls into the realm of ethnoarchaeology, and makes sense. It complements Raymond Wood's later work on diffusion through gathering by Plains Indians, and is consistent with Kelley's diffusionist views about the Greater Southwest (for better or worse). ~b,&Mattingly, G. E. G. Williams, R. J. B. 1962HBA Note on the Chemical Analysis of a Soil Buried Since Roman TimesJournal of Soil Science13254-257 Mauldin, Raymond 1993b\The Relationship Between Ground Stone and Agricultural Intensification in Western New MexicoThe Kiva582317-330& Mauss, Marcel 1966F?The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societiest London  Cohen & Westxiv, 130 pbk.exchange production*Maxwell, T. D.  1995 tWThe Use of Comparative and Engineering Analyses in the Study of Prehistoric Agriculture  * P. A. Teltser L0Evolutionary Archaeology: Methodological Issues  "Tucson  8University of Arizona Press $113-128 D(agriculture archaeology darwin selection Mazees, Richard B. 1975<5Biological Adaptation: Aptitudes and Acclimatization Watts Johnston Lasker82Biosocial Interrelations in Population Adaptations Paris Mouton Publishersn 9-18Stephania MazzoniS 1985d^Elements of the Ceramic Culture of Early Syrian Ebla in Comparison with Syrio-Palestinian EBIVD=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) 257 1-18McAdams, Deborah 1993@:GIS for Nebraska Archeology One of the First in the NationResource Notes8 12-13HBUniversity of Nebraska, Lincoln. Conservation and Survey Divisionarchaeology crm GIS2+McAnany, Patricia A; Lopez Varela, Sandra Lh 1999~wRe-creating the Formative Maya Village of K'axob: Chronology, Ceramic Complexes, and Ancestors in Architectural ContextAncient Mesoamerica101e147-168McBride, Harold W. 1969,&The Extent of the Chupicuaro Tradition J. D. FriermanhaThe Natalie Wood Collection of Pre-Columbian Ceramics from Chupicuaro, Guanajuato, Mexico at UCLAo  Los Angelesn University of California 33-53McCafferty, Geoffrey G 1996J.The Ceramics and Chronology of Cholula, MexicoAncient Mesoamerica72299-324Ancient MesomamericaB&McCartney, Peter H. Glass, Margaret F.  1990 .American Antiquity 55 3f $521-536i `DSimulation Models and the Interpretation of Archaeological Diversity ,Simulation of the effects of sample size on Diversity was proposed by Kintigh (1984) as a method for investigating assemblage variability. We suggest several modifications to Kintigh's method that recognize (1) the distinction between the Diversity and typological composition of an assemblage and (2) differences in the nature of sample size effects on various measures of Diversity. These revidions enabled us to identify significant chronological trends in animal resource Diversity during the Neolithic of central Europe. McCauley, Clarko 1990Conference Overviewn Haas, JonathanThe Anthropology of War  Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1-25$McCawley, J. C. MacKerrell, H. 19724.Soil Phosphorus Levels at Archaeological Sites<5Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland1 104l301-306{erican Research Press134-164nLEFish, Paul R. Fish, Suzanne K. Gumerman, George J. Reid, J. Jeffersonl 1994:4Toward an Explanation of Southwestern "Abandonments" Gumerman, George J.$Themes in Southwest Prehistory Santa Fe (!School of American Research Pressn134-164cB;Read for Paul Minnis' Advanced SW Studies Class, Fall 1996.T.'Archaeology Southwestern US abandonment & Fish, Paul R. Reid, J. Jefferson 1996ZSInterpreting Southwestern Diversity: Underlying Principles and Overarching Patterns Tempeo ZTArizona State University Anthropological Research Paper 48, Arizona State Universitygeneral reference SW general selections$Fish, Suzanne K. Fish, Paul R. 200060The Institutional Contexts of Hohokam Complexity  Mills, B. J.D>Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest Tucson "University of Arizona Press154-167 leadershipleadership HohokamFitzpatrick, E. A. 1993(!Soil Microscopy & Micromorphologyf "West Sussex, United Kingdoml John Wiley & Sons LimitedUFlanagan, J. G. 19892+Hierarchy in 'Simple' Egalitarian Societies$Annual Review of Anthropology18245-266Flannery, Kent V. 1967PJCulture History Versus Cultural Process: A Debate in American ArchaeologyScientific American 217119-122 archaeological theory Maya.Flannery, Kent V.  1969 lOOrigins and Ecological Effects of Early Domestication in Iran and the Near East  8Ucko, P. J. Dimbleby, G. W.l T8The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals  "London  & Duckworthc "73-100 ,Flannery, K. V.  1972 B&The Cultural Evolution of Civilization D(Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3 $399-426 2archaeology evolutiono ,Flannery, K. V.h  1973 6The Origins of Agriculture :Annual Review of Anthropology 2r $271-310i *# Foias, Antonia E Bishop, Ronald L 1997uChanging Ceramic Production and Exchange in the Petexbatun Region, Guatemala: Reconsidering the Classic Maya Collapse- Ancient Mesoamerica8i2o275-292 Ancient Mesoamerica Foley, R. 1985(!Optiamlity Theory in Anthropology Man20222-242Follmer, Leon R. 1985ZTSurficial Geology and Soils of the Rhoads Archaeological Site near Lincoln, IllinoisAmerican Archaeology5l2l150-160o.a"d      rjP2*$J. E. Foss R. J. Lewis M. E. Timpson 1990D=Soils in Alluvial Sequences: Some Archaeological Implications LFMary E. Collins Brian J. Carter Bruce G. Gladfelter Randal J. Southard:3Pedological Perspectives in Archaeological Researchr Madison, Wisconsin ("SSSA Special Publication Number 44 1-14on file, geoarchaeologyDSoils in alluvial valleys are of interest in pedo-archaeological studies in developing the environmental history of a site. Although complex soil formation processes exist in alluvial valleys, some general approaches appear to provide a basis for developing Quaternary history and providing information to archaeologists for excavation strategies. Our investigations of alluvial systems have focused on the following: (i) identification of Quaternary or older surfaces; (ii) study of stream migration patterns; (iii) detailed morphological descriptions of soils on typical landscape units, such as flood plains, flood chutes, levees, and terraces; (iv) dating by 14C, diagnostic artifacts, and soil morphology; (v) laboratory analyses, e.g., particle-size distribution and elemental analysis, and (vi) using a team approach in the interpretation phase. Although each alluvial system requires individual analyses and interpretation, several model systems developed may aid in understanding alluvial soil-landscape sequences.m    Foster, John W.  1975^WShell Middens, Paleoecology, and Prehistory: The Case From Estero Morua, Sonora, MexicoThe Kiva412185-194Foster, Michael S.  1986D>The Weicker Site: A Loma San Gabriel Hamlet in Durango, Mexico"Journal of Field Archaeology131n 7-19Foster, Michael S.  1993f_The Redating of the Medio Period and a Summary of Other PostClassic Northwest Mexican Sequencesh Jorge Chvaz C. LFCuatro Congreso Internacional de Historia Regional Comprada Actas 1993 Jurez ,%Universidad Autnoma de Ciudad Jurezf 47-58 Foster, Michael S.  1995~wThe Loma San Gabriel Culture and its Suggested Relationships to Other Early Plainware Cultures of Northwest Mesoamerica Jonathan E. Reyman^XThe Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Northern Mesoamerica Brookfield, Vermont Aveburyt179-2072Foth, Henry D. 1970A Study of Soil Science Chestertown, MD\ LaMotte CompanyfFoth, Henry D. 1990"Fundamentals of Soil Science New York John Wiley & Sonst 8thiFournier, Patricia 1987HBLoza Fina Mexicana del Siglo XIX en el Ex Convento de San Jernimo Arqueologa. Primera Epoca1m181-194c mesoamerica This paper describes the results of the analysis of archaeological ceramics recovered at the Convento de San Jernimo in Mexico City. Briefly addresses socio-economic issues of the production and distribution of this kids of materials.X;archaeology ceramics colonial economics mesoamerica mexico l A. P. Fowler 1991D=Brown Ware and Red Ware Pottery: An Anasazi Ceramic Traditiono Kiva56123-144Franco, Jos Luiso 1945~wComentarios Sobre Tipologa y Filogenia de la Decoracin Nogra Sobre Color Natural del Barro en la Cermica "Azteca II"L2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolgicos  VIIr 1-3163-186[ mesoamericaaforming typologyhKanalysis archaeology ceramics mesoamerica postclassic prehispanic typology ("Frank, Larry and Francis H. Harlow 199081Historic Pottery of the Pueblo Indians, 1600-1880t West Chester, PA Schiffer Publishing Ltd. David Frankel 1994B;Color Variation on Prehistoric Cypriot Red Polished Potteryf"Journal of Field Archaeology212205-219Frankel, David 199782On Cypriot figurines and the origins of patriarchyCurrent anthropology381 84-86figurines, CypruspiReply to D.L. Bolger, "Figurines, fertility, and the emergence of complex society in prehistoric Cyprus".l Franz, Schinner 1996Methods in Soil Biology New York Springer-Verlag3\UFrayer, David W. Wolpoff, Milford H. Thorne, Alan G. Smith, Fred H. Pope, Geoffrey G. 1993B;Theories of Modern Human Origins: The Paleontological TestAmerican Anthropologist951u 14-50e0)I.C. Freestone A. P. Middleton N.D. Meeks{ 1994ZSSignificance of phosphate in ceramic bodies: Discussion of paper by Bollong, et al.d(!Journal of Archaeological Science21425-426uFreidel, David A.R 1995Uncommon GroundAAmerican Anthropologisti971t126-128rkReviews the book "Painting the Maya Universe: Royal Ceramics of the Classic Period," by Dorie Reents-Budet.French, C. A. I. 1992D>Fengate to Flag Fen: Summary of the Soil and Sediment Analyses Antiquityl66 251u458-461lFreter, AnnCorinne 1996Reviews and BooknotesaLatin American Antiquity7s3q 287rReviews "Ceramics and Artifacts from Excavations in the Copan Residential Zone," by Gordon R. Willey, Richard M. Leventhal, Arthur A. Demarest, and William L. Fash. Frierman, Jay D. 1969haThe Natalie Wood Collection of Pre-Columbian Ceramics from Chupicuaro, Guanajuato, Mexico at UCLAeZTOccasional Papers of the Museum and Laboratories of Ethnic Arts and Technology, UCLA  Los Angelesf University of CaliforniaFrink, Douglas S.l 1992HBThe Chemical Variability of Carbonized Organic Matter through Time*$Archaeology of Eastern North America20 67-790*Ganot, R. Jamie Peschard F., Alejandro A.  1995F?The Archaeological Site of El Can del Molino, Durango, Mxicoi Jonathan E. Reyman^WThe Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Northern Mesoamericau Brookfield, VermontsAveburyr146-178James F. Garberr 1984d^A Functional Assessment and Contextual Anlysis of the Sherd Disks from Cerros, Northern Belize$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al13 76-83TJames F. Garber  19884.The Notched Ceramic Pieces from Cerros, Belize$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al15 35-40Garber, James F. 1996Reviews and BooknotesiLatin American Antiquity7r3  286eReviews "The Artifacts of Dzibilchaltun, Yucatan, Mexico: Shell, Polished Stone, Bone, Wood, and Ceramics," by Jennifer T. Taschek.82Garcia-Heras, M. Fernandez-Ruiz, R. Tornero, J. D. 1997JCAnalysis of Archaeological Ceramics by TXRF and Contrasted with NAA,(!Journal of Archaeological Science2411 1003-1014cGarca Payn, Jos 1941&La Cermica del Valle de Tolucaa2+Revista Mexicana de Estudios AntropolgicoscV  2-3 209-238h mesoamericaengDescribes the chronological sequence of the ceramic from Valle de Toluca, State of Mexico. Sequence includes formative (Zacatenco, Ticomn, El Arbolillo, Gualupita, Cuicuilco, Copilco); Classic (Teotihuacan); Epiclassic (Coyotlatelco); and Postclassic (Aztec) ceramics. Development of local ceramic tradition; interaction with Morelos, Michoacan and Guerrero.marchaeology central ceramics culture history epiclassic formative mesoamerica mexico postclassic prehispanic  Gardiner, M. J. Walsh, T. 1966ZSComparison of Soil Materials Buried Since Neolithic Times with Those of Present Dayl,&Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy65 29-34(~D|{Patricia A. Gilman 1990VOSocial Organization and Classic Mimbres Period Burials inthe S.W. United Stateso"Journal of Field Archaeology174457-4692,Gilman, Patricia A. Canouts, V. Bishop, R.L. 1994PIThe Production and Distribution of Classic Mimbres Black-on-white Pottery3American Antiquity59695-708lMogollon/MimbresMimbres general:3Patricia A. Gilman Valetta Canouts Ronald L. Bishop 1994PIThe Production and Distribution of Classic Mimbres Black on White PotteryAmercian Antiquity594695-709Gilman, Patricia A.  1995d]Multiple Dimensions of the Archaic-to-Pit Structure Period Transition in Southeastern Arizona Kiva60619-632early agricultureLdiet agriculture, earlyGladfelter, Bruce G. 1977:3Geoarchaeology: The Geomorphologist and ArchaeologyAmerican Antiquity42519-538fGladfelter, Bruce G. 19814-Developments and Directions in Geoarchaeology Schiffer, Michael B.2,Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory New York Academic Press4343-364Bruce G. GladfelterR 1985HBOn the Interpretation of Archaeological Sites in Alluvial Settings (!Julie K. Stein William R. Farrandd*#Archaeological Sediments in Contextf Orono University of Maineh 41-52hJCon file, Anth 294, geoarchaeology, alluvial environments, sedimentsArtifacts excavated from alluvium are retrieved from the storage mode of the sediment budget. The sedimentary properties of the alluvium, the form of the associated alluvial features, and the condition of recovered artifacts preserve evidence of conditions at the time sediment and artifacts entered storage. Secondary alteration indicates effects whiel these materials were in storage. Conventional techniques such as particle-size analysis, abrasion studies, and C14 dating can elaborate aspects of the stoage condition if their respective limitations are considered. Geomorphological factors contributing to alluviation must be evaluated before the climatic forcing of paleohydrologic events can be assessed, and before paleoenvironmental conditions can be inferred.eGladfelter, Bruce G. 1991\VSoil Properties of Sediments in Wadi Feiran, Sinai: A Geoarchaeological Interpretation Holliday, Vance T.D>Soils in Archaeology, Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation Washington, DC $Smithsonian Institution Press Gladwin, Harold Sterling l 1957("A History of the Ancient Southwest Portland, Maine "The Bond Wheelwright CompanyC.E. Goetze B. J. Mills 1991~wAn Assessment of the Research Potential of Museum Collections: The Babbit Collection oat the Museum of Northern Arizonac Kiva57 77-91 Goffer, ZviV 1980\VArchaeological Chemistry: A Sourcebook on the Applications of Chemistry to Archaeology Chemical Analysis, Vol. 55 New York John Wiley and SonsGoldberg, Paul 1979<6Micromorphology of Sediments from Hayonim Cave, Israel Catena62167-181eGoldberg, Paul 199260Micromorphology, Soils, and Archaeological Sites Holliday, V. T.D>Soils in Archaeology: Landscape Evolution and Human Occupation Washington, DC $Smithsonian Institution Press145-167,Gonzalez, Leticia  1983:3Hunter-Gatherers of the Chihuahuan Desert in Mexicoo <6Jon C. Barlow Powell, A. Michael/Timmerman, Barbara N.D=Second Symposium on Resources of the Chihuahuan Desert RegionD  Alpine, Texasi *$Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute 64-68-Gonzalez, Leticia  1985D>The Bolson de Mapimi Archaeological Project: A Research Design 81The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mesoamericai("Michael S. Foster//Phil C. Weigand Boulder Westview Press383-391cGonzalez, Leticia ? 1985:4Colonial Exchange Systems and the Decline of Paquim (!Michael S. Foster Phil C. Weigand81The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mesoamerica Boulder Westview Press353-363AA??DGI %%''5]]]ADtwO+ (IBOO +6J R*36u3 8 )W-eOKKKMMNWYZZZ))\\\\RRF5-7<<DIJJJwB#$PCare  Birmingham "University of Alabama PressGifford, James C.  1957b\An Examination of the Archaeology of Northwestern Mexico and Southern Arizona and New MexicoUnpublished Manuscript67James C. Gifford 1960^WThe Type-Variety Method of Ceramic Classification as an Indicator of Cultural PhenomenaoAmerican Antiquity253l341-347i:3ceramic analysis classification culture archaeologyo*#Gifford, D. P. Behrensmeyer, A. K. 1977NHObserved Formation and Burial of a Recent Human Occupation Site in KenyaQuartenary Research8s245-266o6/Gilluly, James Waters, Aaron C. Woodford, A. O. 1968Principles of Geology San Francisco, CAn  W. H. FreemansGilman, Patricia A., 1987TNArchitecture as Artifact: Pit Structures and Pueblos in the American SouthwestAmerican Antiquity52538-564rearly agriculturel2+diet settlement patterns agriculture, earlyJ'&%4  3(ny$( Gunn, J. D.  1994  * C. L. CrumleyC \?Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes  $Santa Fe  >!School of American Research Press "67-97a $ecology N1Global Climate and Regional Biocultural Diversity >7Jan Gunneweg Trude Dothan Isadore Perlman Sermour Giten 19862+On the Origin of Pottery at Tel Miqne-EkronD=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR)c 264 3-16 Gupta, Akhil 1998JDPostcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India Durham Duke University PressfGurney, David A. 1985F@Phosphate Analysis of Soils: A Guide for the Field ArchaeologistTechnical Paper No. 3. Birmingham, AL (!Institute of Field Archaeologists"Guthrie, R. L. Witty, J. E. 1982RLNew Designations for Soil Horizons and Layers and the New Soil Survey Manual2+Soil Science Society of America ProceedingsA46443-444 Haas, Jonathan 1986*$The Evolution of the Kayenta Anasazi  Noble, D. G.\UHouses Beneath the Rock: The Anasazi of Canyon de Chelly and Navajo National Monument Santa Fe Ancient City Press 14-23conflictconflict AnasaziHaas, Jonathan 19892,The Evolution of the Kayenta Regional System 82Steadman Upham Kent G. Lightfoot Roberta A. JewettHBThe Sociopolitical Structure of Prehistoric Southwestern Societies Boulder Westview Press491-508,&Investigations in American ArchaeologyXRarchaeology kayenta anasazi signaling system defense warfare aggregation southwest Haas, Jonathan 1990The Anthropology of War  Cambridge Cambridge University PressHaas, Jonathan 1990PIWarfare and the Evolution of Tribal Polities in the Prehistoric Southwestr Haas, JonathanThe Anthropology of Ware  Cambridges Cambridge University Press171-189B;Read for Paul Minnis' Advanced SW Studies Class, Fall 1996.archaeology conflict politics tribes integration politics conflict subsistence interaction environment stress subsistence risk intervisbility communication conflict Kayenta Anasazit& Haas, Jonathan Creamer, Winifred 1993RKStress and Warfare Among the Kayenta Anasazi of the Thirteenth Century A.D. Fieldiana Chicago &Field Museum of Natural History Habicht-Mauche, Judith A. 1987Southwestern-Style Culinary Ceramics on the Southern Plains: A Case Study of Technological Innovation and Cross-Cultural InteractionPlains Anthropologist Habicht-Mauche, Judith A. 2000RKIsotopic Tracing of Prehistoric Rio Grande Glaze-Paint Production and Trade (!Journal of Archaeological Scienceu27709-713\ Hackbarth, Mark R. 1992rlPrehistoric and Historic Occupation of the Lower Verde River Valley: The State Route 87 Verde Bridge Project  Flagstaffl Northland Research, Inc.archaeology Verde Valley 81Hackbarth, Mark R. Hays-Gilpin, Kelley Neal, LynnC 2002jcPhoenix Basin to Perry Mesa: Rethinking the "Northern Periphery." The Arizona Archaeologist No. 34n Phoenix, $Arizona Archaeological Council& archaeology ebot macrobot pollenmacrobot and pollen from three sites on AFNM and many sites off AFNM in Smith (pg. 101-120) no papers on AFNM area specifically, despite title.Hackenberg, R. A.  1974 nQEconomic Alternatives in Arid Lands: A Case Study of the Pima and Papago Indians  ( Cohen, Y. A. D(Man In Adaptation: The Cultural Present  $Chicagoa  "Aldine $173-180  R5anthropology Pima Papago agriculture economy politicsl Hackenberg, R. A. 1983.(Pima and Papago: Ecological Adaptations Ortiz, Alfonso("Handbook of North American Indians Washington, D. C. Smithsonian Institution210161-177 Minnis0*ecology Pima Papago subsistence adaptation Hackett, Charles W.e 1937`ZHistorical documents relating to New Mexico, Nueva Viscaya and approaches thereto, to 1773<6Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington D.C.y Carnegie Institution Hackett, Charles W.t 1942^XRevolt of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and Otermin's Attempted Reconquest, 1680-1692  Albuquerquel $University of New Mexico Press2 vols.Hagstrum, Melissa B. 1985`YMeasuring Prehistoric Ceramic Craft Specialization: A Test Case in the American Southwestt"Journal of Field Archaeology121p 65-75,&Melissa B. Hagstrum John A. Hildebrand 1990F?The two-curvature method for reconstructing ceramic morphology.American Antiquity552388-403*$Correlating Vessel Form and FunctionZTGrant D. Hall Stanley M. Jr. Tarka W. Jeffrey Hurst David Stuart Richard E. W. AdamsF?Cacao Residues in Ancient Maya Vessels from Rio Azul, GuatemalaAmerican Antiquity5510138-1435>8Hallberg, George R. Hoyer, Bernard E. Anderson, Duane C. 1974>8The Geology and Paleopedology of the Cherokee Sewer Site4-The Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society21 17-50David J. Hally 1986,%The Dientification of Vessel FunctionAmerican Antiquity512267-295"Halstead, Paul O'Shea, JohnS 1989 Introduction "Halstead, Paul O'Shea, JohnfF?Bad Year Economics: Cultural Responses to Risk and Uncertaintyr  Cambridger Cambridge University Press 1-5:George P. Hammond Agapito Rey  1928 ^AObregon's History of 16th Century Explorations in Western America  ( Los Angeles  6Wetzel Publishing Company  351y .atalaya referenceh 4Atalaya contact Paquim Hammond, Peter B. (ed) 1967@9Physical Anthropology and Archaeology: Selected Readings New York The MacMillan Companyp None(!archaeology physical anthropologye pbkrHammond, F. W. 19834.Phosphate Analysis of Archaeological Sediments "Reeves-Smyth, T. Hammond, F.& Landscape Archaeology in Ireland Oxford $British Archaeological Reports 47-80B.A.R. No. 116 +N*t+*r z6JLp<5Hard, Robert J. Mauldin, Raymond P. Raymond, Gerry R.g 1996Mano Size, Stable Isotope Ratios, and Macrobotanical Remains as Multiple LInes of Evidence of Mize Dependence in the American Southweste2+Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory3o4y253-318JCethnobotany groundstone study Southwestern US subsistence taphonomyc<5Hard, Robert J. Mauldin, Raymond P. Raymond, Gerry R.n 1996Mano Size, Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios, and Macrobotanical Remains as Multiple Lines of Evidence of Maize Dependence in the American Southwest 2+Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory\3 4 253-318istable isotopes SW dietA0)Hardin, Margaret A., and Barbara J. Millst 2000^XThe Social and Historical Context of Short-Term Stylistic Replacement: A Zuni Case Study2+Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory73Hardy, Lieut. R.W.H.  1829D=Travels in the Interior of Mexico in 1825, 1826, 1827, & 1828e London H. Colburn and R. BentlyHarlow, Francis H. 1970$Historic Pueblo Indian Pottery  Santa Fe, NM Museum of New Mexico PressHarlow, Francis H. 1973>7Matte-paint pottery of the Tewa, Keres and Zuni Pueblos\ Santa Fe Museum of New Mexico"Harner, R. F. Harper, K. T. 1976pjThe Role of Area, Heterogeneity, and Favorability in Plant Species Diversity of Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystems.Ecology57 1254-1263Harpstead, Milo I. 1997Soil Science Simplifiedl Ames, IA "Iowa States University PressHarrington, John Peabody 1912Tewa Relationship TermsRAmerican AnthropologistR143g472-498eHarrington, John Peabody 1916,&The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians<629th Annual Report of the Bureau of American EthnologyHarris, Edward C.e 19754.The Stratigraphic Sequence: A Question of TimeWorld Archaeology7e109-121uHarris, Edward C.R 1977,&Units of Archaeological Stratification&Norwegian Archaeological Review10 84-94sHarris, Edward C.s 19790)Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy London Academic PressHarris, Edward C.e 1984:3The Analysis of Multilinear Stratigraphic Sequences$Scottish Archaeological Review3t127-133uHarris, Edward C.e 19890)Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy New York Academic Press 2ndRichard J. Harrison 1988d]Bell Beakers in Spain and Portugal: Working with radiocarbon dates in the 3rd Millennium B.C. Antiquity62464-472@:F.A. Hart J.M.V. Storey S.J. Adams R.P. Symonds J.N. Walsh 1987An Analytical Study, Using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectrometry, of Samian and Colour-Coated Wares from the Roman Towns at Colchester together with Related Continental Samian Waresk(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencec14577-598 Hasenstab, Robert J. 1996haSettlement as Adaptation: Variability in Iroquois Village Site Selection As Inferred Through GIS Maschner, Herbert D. G.eb\New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research  Carbondale ("Southern Illinois University Press223-241l.(Center for Archaeological InvestigationsOccasional Paper No. 23vLEarchaeology Eastern US GIS settlement patterns site location modelinga pbk Haskett, Bret  19356/Early History of the Cattle Industry in Arizona  Arizona Historical Reviewp6f4t 3-424.HAYDEN JOURNALS F806 .A704x LIB USE ONLYhistorynhistoryi Hassan, F. A.d 1978f_Sediments in Archaeology: Methods and Implications for Paleoenvironmental and Cultural Analysis\"Journal of Field Archaeology5197-213Hassan, Fekri A. 19794-Geoarchaeology: The Geologist and ArchaeologysAmerican Antiquity442267-270b;:, J. Charles Howard D. Winters 1960:4A Revision of the Archaeological Sequence in SinaloaAmerican Antiquity254547-5614 Sauer and Brand did some work along coastal Sinaloa in 1930. Isabel Kelley excavated in the area in 1935 and 1939 and Gordon Ekholm excavated in Guasave in 1937. Kelley and associates worked iKelley, J. Charles . 1956TNThe Archaeology of Durango, Mexico, In Relation to Mesoamerica and the Hohokam,%Supper Conference for AnthropologistseFebruary 24, 1956hThe two objectives of this paper are to correlate the Mesoamerican and Southwest culture sequences and to outline archaeological knowledge of Durango. There is one Clovis point and several Archaic "Desert" sites. Loma San Gabriel is a simple ceramic manifestation that extends almost to the American border. Peripheral Chihuahua and Sonoran Trincheras cultures are considered to be developments out of this. Loma San Gabriel is considered closer to being a Southwest variant postdating A.D. 900. The Chalchihuites culture appears to be the primary southern influence on Hohokam prior to A.D. 1200. There are tripod vessels, engraved wares, molcajetes, obsidian blades, pyramids, courts, mounds, etc. I don't see ballcourts mentioned. Work at the Schroeder site is used to suggest two phases of Chalchihuites culture. The earlier Ayala phase has some overlap with Classic Teotihuacan. He suggests that the Ayala phase is the specific source of Mesoamerican influences on Colonial Hohokam (ca A.D. 600 - 900). Copper artifacts appear in the subsequent Rio Tunal phase and equate with a post-Classic (Toltec) occupation of Durango. There are many ties with Aztatlan culture on the west coast. This phase (Rio Tunal) is considered the source of Mesoamerican ties to Sedentary Hohokam (ca A.D. 900 - 1200). There is no archaeological information post-dating A.D. 1200 -1300. So Mesoamerican influences on Classic Hohokam must have arrived via the Sinaloa coast. Chalchihuites culture appears to have disappeared by A.D. 1400. *It's unfortunate that Kelley does not apply his arguments about diffusion through intermediate areas to this paper to explain the "complexity hiatus" between Loma San Gabriel and Casas Grandes sites, since LSG does not extend so far as he suggests.Kelley, J. Charles t 19562+Settlement Patterns in North-Central Mexicos Gordon R. Willey60Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the New World New York  Viking Fund 128-139T ~Southwest as a Periphery of Mesoamerica T. C. Champion@9Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology London Allen and Unwini 40-66i  This paper dwells on the epistemology of integrating local relations of production and ,&Mattingly, G. E. G. Williams, R. J. B. 1962HBA Note on the Chemical Analysis of a Soil Buried Since Roman TimesJournal of Soil Science13254-257 Mauldin, Raymond 1993b\The Relationship Between Ground Stone and Agricultural Intensification in Western New MexicoThe Kiva582317-330& Mauss, Marcel 1966F?The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societiest London  Cohen & Westxiv, 130 pbk.exchange production*Maxwell, T. D.  1995 tWThe Use of Comparative and Engineering Analyses in the Study of Prehistoric Agriculture  * P. A. Teltser L0Evolutionary Archaeology: Methodological Issues  "Tucson  8University of Arizona Press $113-128 D(agriculture archaeology darwin selection Mazees, Richard B. 1975<5Biological Adaptation: Aptitudes and Acclimatization Watts Johnston Lasker82Biosocial Interrelations in Population Adaptations Paris Mouton Publishersn 9-18McAdams, Deborah 1993@:GIS for Nebraska Archeology One of the First in the NationResource Notes8 12-13HBUniversity of Nebraska, Lincoln. Conservation and Survey Divisionarchaeology crm GISB&McCartney, Peter H. Glass, Margaret F.  1990 .American Antiquity 55 3f $521-536i `DSimulation Models and the Interpretation of Archaeological Diversity ,Simulation of the effects of sample size on Diversity was proposed by Kintigh (1984) as a method for investigating assemblage variability. We suggest several modifications to Kintigh's method that recognize (1) the distinction between the Diversity and typological composition of an assemblage and (2) differences in the nature of sample size effects on various measures of Diversity. These revidions enabled us to identify significant chronological trends in animal resource Diversity during the Neolithic of central Europe. McCauley, Clarko 1990Conference Overviewn Haas, JonathanThe Anthropology of War  Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1-25$McCawley, J. C. MacKerrell, H. 19724.Soil Phosphorus Levels at Archaeological Sites<5Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland1 104l301-306{B8Mills, Barbara J. 2000ZSAlternative Models, Alternative Strategies: Leadership in the Prehispanic Southwest  Mills, B. J.D>Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest Tucson "University of Arizona Press 3-18 leadershipleadership SW generalMills, Barbara J.i 2002NGRecent Research on Chaco: Changing Views on Economy, Ritual and Societyg("Journal of Archaeological Research10 65-117 ChacomMindeleff, Victore 1891tmEigth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology: A Study of Pueblo Architecture in Tusayan and Cibolad Washington D.C.0 Smithsonian Institution Arizona Bureau of Minesa 1958.'Geologic Map of Yavapai County, Arizona Tucson 4.Arizona Bureau of Mines, University of Arizonageologic 1:375,000u map geologyzs1:375,000 scale map showing rock types (eg Kaibab limestone, Coconino sandstone, etc) in Yavapai County, incl. AFNM4Minnis, Paul E.o 1981& Social Adaptation to Food Stress Chicagoc "University of Chocago Presso otherd*$agriculture diet environment Mimbres j2Homburg, Jeffrey A.Hoopes, John W.$ Hoopes, John W. and Marc Bermann Hoover, J. W.Hopkins, D. W.Hoppin, Richard A. Horowitz, M.Houck, Charles WHouston, Stephan D.Houston, Stephen D. Howard, A. V.Howard, Agnes M. Howard, JerryHoward, Jerry B. Howell, T. L.Howell, Todd L.(%Howell, Todd L., and Keith W. KintighHowell, Todd LeeHowes, Brian L.Hoyer, Bernard E.Hrdlicka, Alec Huang, P. M.Huang, Qiaohua Huber, G. P.Hubert, Virgil Huckell, B.B.Huckell, Bruce B.Huckell, Lisa W.Huckleberry, G. Huete, A.R.Huffman, Thomas N. Hughbanks, P. Hughes, M. J. Hughes, P. J.Hull, Frank W.Humphreys, G. S.Hunt, Eleazer D.Hurst, W. JeffreyHurtado, A. MagdalenaHutchinson, Charles F.Hutton, John T. Iceland, H. B Ichon, AlainIglesias, Maria JosefaIII, Dunbar P. Birnie Ingold, T.Inomata, TakeshiInstitution, Smithsonian,)Investigations, Center for ArchaeologicalIrwin-Williams, CynthiaIsaac, Glynn L.Jacka, Jerry D.Jackson, FatimahJackson, M. L.Jackson, Mark W.Jacob, John S. Jacobs, DavidJacobsen, Leon Jacobson, L.84Jacobson, L., W.A. Van_der_Westhuizen, and J. DreyerJames, Steven R.Janaway, R. C.Janssen, D. W.Jarman, Myra CordesJeffery, J. W. O.Jeffries, R. W.0+Jenkins, Myra Ellen and Elizabeth A. Brandt Jenny, Hans Jenny, JansJernigan, E. W. Jessup, PatJett, Steven C.Jewett, Roberta A. Jimnez Hernndez, LeticiaJimnez Lara, PedroJimnez, Manuel Jinno, K.Jochim, MichaelJohaJohannessen, SisselJohnson, A. H.Johnson, Allen W.Johnson, D. L.Johnson, Donald L. Johnson, F.Johnson, Gregory A.Johnson, J. S.Johnson, Jay K. JohnstonJohnston, DanielJohnstone, DavidJones, Bruce A. Jones, G. D. Jones, G. T.Jones, George T.Jones, George Thomas Jordan, S. CJornet, Albert Jorstad, T.Joyce, Arthur A.Joyce, RosemaryJoyce, Rosemary A.Jr., A. M Kurland Judge, J. Judge, JamesJudge, W. James Judge, W.J.Kabata-Pendias, A. Kamilli, D. Kanbara, K. Kantner, JohnKaplan, Flora S.Kaplan, HillardKardulias, P. NicholasKatafi, Zeidon A.Katich, Joseph F.Katzenberg, M. A.Katzenberg, M. Anne Kautz, R. R.Kautz, Robert R. Kayan, Ilhan Kaye, Jason Keacock, L.A.Kealhofer, LisaKeall, Edward J.Keddie, Grant R. Keeley, Helen Keeley, L. Keene, A.S.Keesing, Roger M.Kegley, George B.Kelley, J Charles Kelley, J. Kelley, J. C.Kelley, J. CharlesKelley, Jane H. Kelley, R. L.Kelley, Robert L.Kelley, Roger E.XTKelly, Sophia, Matthew Peeples, Jason Sperinck, M. Scott Thompson, and Keith KintighKelsay, Richalene G.Kennedy, John G. Kent, Susan Kepecs, SusanKertzer, David I.Kessel, John L.(#Kessell, John L. and Rick Hendricks84Kessell, John L., Rick Hendricks, and Meredith DodgeKessler, Karen Kharkar, D. Khera, A.Khorasgany, M. G. Kidder, A.V.Kidder, Alfred VincentKilikoglou, V. Killham, K.Killion, Thomas W.Kilmer, Victor King, John M.King, Julia A. King, R. H.Kintigh, K. W.Kintigh, KeithKintigh, Keith W. Kiriatzi, E. Kirkby, A. Kirkby, M. J.Kirkpatrick, David T.Kitanidis, PeterKlein, Terry H.Klindt-Jensen, O. Klute, A.Knapp, A. BernardKnaut, Andrew L.Kneebone, Ronald R.Knoblock, Patricia J. Knoke, DavidKobayashi, MasashiKohl, Philip L.Kohler, Timothy A. Koike, H. Kojo, YasushiKolata, Alan L.Kolb, C. CharlesKolb, Charles C. Konrad, V. A. Koppi, A. J.Kosakowsky, LauraKosakowsky, Laura JKowalski, NancyKraft, John C. Kramer, CarolKrause, Richard A.Krauskopf, Konrad B. AS(j'RQP&%*Hull, Frank W.  1984 R6Archaeological Evidence of Nonagricultural Subsistence  >"Teague, Lynn S. Crown, Patricia L. rHohokam Archaeology Along the Salt Gila Aqueduct Central Arizona Project Volume VII: Environment and Subsistence  "Tucson  2University of Arizonaw $171-205l :Archaeological Series No. 150 Hunt, Eleazer D. 1992xrUpgrading Site-Catchment Analysis with the Use of GIS: Investigating the Settlement Patterns of HorticulturalistsWorld Archaeology242e283-309.'catchment classification Eastern US GISn Iceland, H. B Goldberg, P. 1999~xLate-Terminal Classic Maya Pottery in Northern Belize: A Petrographic Analysis of Sherd Samples from Colha and Kichpanha(!Journal of Archaeological Sciencei268c951-9660*Alain Ichon Rene Viel M. Cjarlotte Arnauld 1988:4Ceramic Units from La Lagunita, El Quiche, Guatemala$Ceramica de Cultura Maya et al15 84-88Takeshi Inomata 2001b\The power and ideology of artistic creationL Elite craft specialists in Classic Maya societyCurrent AnthropologyCraft Specializationin press4Irwin-Williams, CynthiaO  1977 R5A Network Model for the Analysis of Prehistoric Trade  B&Earle, Timothy K. Ericson, Jonathon E. :Exchange Systems in Prehistory  $New York  *Academic Press $141-151 Isaac, Glynn L. 1967XRTowards the Interpretation of Occupation Debris: Some Experiments and Observations,&Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers37 31-57aJacka, Jerry D.o 19804-Appendix VII: Prehistoric Sites of Perry Mesae JCFiero, D. C. Munson, R. W. McClain, M. T. Wilson, S. M. Zier, A. H.hbThe Navajo Project: Archaeological Investigations Page to Phoenix 500KV Southern Transmission Line  Flagstaffi 60Museum of Northern Arizona MNA Research Paper 11271-282e archaeologya archaeologyJackson, M. L. 1958Soil Chemical Analysis Englewood Cliffs, NJ  Prentice-HallaJackson, Fatimah 1996HAThe Coevolutionary Relationship of Humans and Domesticated Plantsa(!Yearbook of Physical Anthropology39161-1760)diversity domestication evolution ecologyo John S. Jacobl 19902,Archaeological Pedology in the Maya Lowlands LFMary E. Collins Brian J. Carter Bruce G. Gladfelter Randal J. Southard:3Pedological Perspectives in Archaeological Research Madison, Wisconsin ("SSSA Special Publication Number 44 51-80lVOon file, geoarchaeology, Maya, pedology, Cobweb Swamp, Pulltrouser Swamp, Nakbecd]Soil studies in archaeological contexts in Mesoamerica have focussed on land use and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. I examine the role of pedology in archaeology in general, and then examine three case studies from the Maya lowlands, all associated with wetlands. Two sites, Cobweb Swamp and Pulltrouser Swamp, are located in perennial wetlands, while the third site, Nakbe, is located in an area of seasonal wetlands. The pedostratigraphic record was severely confounded by geochemical, anthrogenic, and shrink-swell phenomena. Pedological inference was used in an effort to reconstruct the evolution of the wetlands and the impact of the Maya on them. Initial investigations receal marked changes in the hydrology and chemistry of these wetlands through time, due at least in part to changes induced by the Maya, but natural effects are seen as important.:4Jacobson, L., W.A. Van_der_Westhuizen, and J. Dreyer 1998The compositional relationship between pottery and its source clay (1): an example from the work of a traditional potter on the farm Nonnashoek, Betlehem, Free Stateu("Southern African field archaeology7u2n 98-100"Journal of field archaeology4-South Africa, ceramic production, ethnographyaJames, Steven R. 1997ngChange and Continuity in Western Pueblo Households during the Historic Period in the American SouthwesteWorld Archaeologyp283u429-456e "P^Prudence M. Rice 1991.(Women and prehistoric pottery production "Dale Walde Noreen D. WillowsTNThe Archaeology of Gender. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Chacmool Conference Calgaryr >7Archaeological Association of the University of Calgaryi436-443>8Social Issues in the Organization of Pottery Production,Prudence M. Rice 1994HBThe kilns of Moqugua, Peru: Technology, Excavations, and Functions"Journal of Field Archaeology213325-344Rice, Prudence M.  1996@9Recent Ceramic Analysis: 1. Function, Style, and Originsr("Journal of Archaeological Research42i133-1632,ceramic analysis function stylistic analysis4."The recent literature on ceramic analysis, which has grown dramatically over the last 8 years, is reviewed in two articles. In this first article attention focuses on studies of function and use, stylistic analyses, and pottery origins. Functional analysis has been the most rapidly expanding segment of the field. particularly experimental, ethnoarchaeological, and residue analysis approaches. Stylistic analyses seem to be in a lull, following increasing dissatisfaction with information theory approaches. Questions of pottery origins are enjoying renewed interest and are briefly surveyed here. The second of the two articles will survey compositional investigations, pottery production, and approaches to "ceramic theory." Both reviews close with observations on current directions in ceramic studies.Rice, Glenn E. 1998D>War and Water: An Ecological Perspective on Hohokam Irrigation Kiva63263-302conflict"Hohokam conflict environmentPrudence M. Rice 19996/Rethinking Classic Lowland Maya Pottery CensersAncient Mesoamerica101 25-50Ancient Mesoamerica&Classic lowland Maya censers can be described in terms of two general categories, image (or effigy) and non-image. The function and meaning of these incensarios is approached through consideration of their embellishment, symbolism, and contexts of use and recovery. It is suggested that in Peten and some adjacent areas, Classic image censers were part of the paraphernalia of divine kingship, associated with termination rituals and a royal funerary cult. Non-image and particularly spiked censers were more associated with birth/renewal, earth, rain, and calendrical rituals involving fire drilling. Their use became widespread in the lowlands during the Terminal Classic period, with the collapse of divine kingship and elite power.   (!Rice, Glenn E. LeBlanc, Steven A. 2001JCDeadly Landscapes: Case Studies in Prehistoric Southwestern Warfare0 Salt Lake City University of Utah PressconflictLERichards, M. P. Pearson, J. A. Molleson, T. I. Russell, N. Martin, L.i 2003F?Stable Isotope Evidence of Diet at Neolithic Catalhoyuk, Turkey(!Journal of Archaeological Science30 67-76stable isotopes& Rosanna Ridings C. Garth Sampson 19990b\There's No Percentage in it: Intersite Spatial Analysis of Bushman (San) Pottery DecorationsAmerican Antiquity554r766-780r.(V. Rigby A. P. Middleton I. C. Freestone 1989d]The Prunay Workshop: Technical Examination of La Tene Bichrome Painted Pottery from ChampagneWorld Archaeologyu211t 1-16Riley, Carrol L. 1975rkThe Road to Hawikuh: Trade and Trade Routes to Cibola-Zuni During Late Prehistoric and Early Historic TimesoThe Kiva412a137-159 < Riley, Carroll L. Manson, Joni L  1991 hLThe Sonoran Connection: Road and Trail Networks in the Protohistoric Period  ,Trombold, C. D.i L0Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies  & Cambridge  6Cambridge University Press $132-144c ] LeBlanc, Steven A. T 1980"The Dating of Casas GrandestAmerican Antiquity454o799-806w V ODates are an important part of understanding relationships between Casas Grandes and the rest of the Southwest. Di Peso thought Paquim was founded in A.D. 1060, began a decline in 1261, and fell in A.D. 1344. Leblanc argues that the site was founded between 1130 and 1150 and ceased to be a major centre by 1300. This is Leblanc's Medio range for Casas Grandes. Di Peso has a lot of hydration dates from Casas Grandes but they are useless because there is evidently something wrong with the hydration curve. The obsidian sources are unknown anyway. There are only ten 14C dates from Paquim and they are none too definitive. There are also 53 noncutting tree ring dates for the site. Tree ring dates provide no support for a Medio date before A.D. 1130. Several trade pottery types occur at Paquim. None date as early as the mid 1100's. Kidder et al. (1949) suggested that the Black Mountain phase and some Animas sites are within the Casas interaction sphere. (* In 1949 there was no Black Mountain Phase defined). Common traits with no Mogollon antecedent include raised platform hearths with wedge-shaped openings, post-holes with stone bases, and ceramic overlaps. The following Cliff Phase does not resemble Casas Grandes at all. (* This is open to debate even with a lot of Salado influence allowed for). Mimbres B/W is a common Viejo time tradeware that is not in the Medio at Paquim. The Black Mountain phase is intrusive into Mogollon, so represents an expansion of the Casas Grandes system. It follows that Casas Grandes had to be founded before the Black Mountain phase. A terminal date of about A.D. 1130 for classic Mimbres is well established. LeBlanc considers Casas Grandes intrusion into the Mimbres area (southern New Mexico) to occur between A.D. 1120 and 1180. This is based on what is known about Casas and dates from two Black Mountain sites. LeBlanc thinks that Paquim went into decline around A.D. 1275 or 1300. Di Peso thought Casas Grandes was contemporary with Chaco and Classic Mimbres. LeBlanc correctly says that this is impossible. They both collapsed as Casas Grandes developed. The Hohokam Civano phase seems to follow closely on the collapse at Casas Grandes around A.D. 1300. He states that the implications of this are "quite large" but says no more on the topic. LeBlanc rejects environment as a cause for all this.LeBlanc, Steven A. 1983LEThe Mimbres People: Ancient Pueblo Painters of the American Southwest London Thames and HudsonMogollon/MimbresMimbres generalm) may have an intermediary role between sedentary groups. There is a fairly wide zone between the north end of Mesoamerica and the south end of the Greater Southwest which hold no dramatic examples of complexity. J.H. Kelley advocates a buffer zone between complex areas that serves as a spacing. This is not a formal no-man's land or the gap once thought to exist in this area (* only under the qualification of no work being done in the middle area e.g. Ekholm 1940). So Northwest Mexico offers opportunities to discuss relative placement of complex societies. The strongest closing point is that Northwest Mexico needs to be seen as more than a potential conduit between Mesoamerica and the Southwest. There is a lot to be said for cross-border co-operation. *a sound review that identifies what issues are and where things could profitably move to. A version for publication is coming out coauthored with Elisa Villalpando.L&Kelley, J. C. Villapando, M. E.t 1996*$An Overview of the Mexican Northwest Fish, P.R. Reid, J. J.ZSInterpreting Southwestern Diversity: Underlying Principles and Overarching Patterns Tempe ^XArizona State University Archaeological Research Paper No. 48. Arizona State University 69-80 NW Mexico NW Mexico Thomas W. Killion 1992^WGardens of Prehistory: The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica  Tuscaloosa "University of Alabama Press<6on file, archaeology, Mesoamerica, settlement patterns?> Kelley, J. Charles B 1974F?Speculations on the Culture History of Northwestern Mesoamerica  Betty Bell$The Archaeology of West Mexico |n BA Review of the Architectural Sequence at La Junta De Los Rios0)Foster, Michael S.//O'Laughlin, Thomas C.L (!Third Jornada-Mogollon Conferencei23149-159uB6AcRoger E. Kelleyr 1989JDGurke: Bricks and Brickmaking, A Handbook for Historical ArchaeologyHistorical Archaeology231133-134Kelley, J. Charles 1991JDThe Known Archaeological Ballcourts of Durango and Zacatecas, Mexico The Mesoamerican Ball Game ,%Vernon L. Scarborough David R. Wilcox  87-100 &The University of Arizona Presss TucsonBallcourts in this area fall into two categories: "I" shaped and open-ended. There is a roughly "I" shaped ballcourt at La Quemada. The date is uncertain but probably falls in the range of Middle Classic to Early Postclassic. At the Chalchihuites site of Alta Vista an outline of an "I" shaped ballcourt is visible from the air. Other courts in this region are open-ended. The two "public" ballcourts at Casas Grandes are modified "I" shapes. (* There is a third ballcourt in an enclosed plaze in the House of the Pillars.) Kelley excavated a small open-ended ballcourt at the Schroeder site. Since there are both Chalchihuites and Loma San Gabriel materials at the site it is not clear what the association of the ballcourt is. The Chalchihuites site of Gualterio Abajo has a similar ballcourt, also excavated by Kelley. But association is a problem again since many Loma San Gabriel sherds are present. There are several other accounts of open-ended ballcourts in the area but none have been excavated. Of the six Kelley can account for, they have a mean length of about 13 metres, and a width of about five metres. Orientation is variable. Lateral banquettes are made of vertical stone slabs with rubble fill. Some playing alleys are paved. Ceramic models of open-ended courts, found at Nayarit, are illustrated for comparison. The Tepehuan are putative decedents of Loma San Gabriel culture but there is no account of ballcourts among them. So Kelley cites an ethnohistorical account of the ballgame from the Acaxee. (The Acaxee may be a Chalchihuites survival). He interprets it as mock warfare meant to defuse tensions that precipitate real warfare. archaeology Mexico Paquim&Kelley, Jane H. Joe D. Stewart o 1991B;Proyecto Arqueolgico de Chihuahua: Trabajos de Campo 1991 |h.(Consejo de Arqueologa Boletin, por 1991 |o |l157-161sngThis is a brief report of field research in several parts of central Chihuahua including the Bustillos Basin, Babicora Basin, Rio Santa Maria, Rio Carmen and Rio Santa Clara. During the 1991 season 52 sites were recorded. One early date at CH-159 (El Zurdo) places the early component of the site around A.D. 700. There is a lot of corrugated pottery with the earlier component of this site. This site is Sayles's CHIH I:9:1. The El Zurdo drainage was also surveyed. A similar large site exists in the next drainage to the north (CH-180). Neither has substantial public architecture. Excavations at two Babicora sites on the Santa Maria are also reported. CH-151 is a small mound that is the southernmost Babicora site known to the project to date. CH-11 is the largest site on the Santa Maria (* subsequently recognized as Sayles' CHIH I:15:1). Two plainware sites (CH-217 and CH-218) were also recorded on the Santa Maria. Nineteen sites were recorded around Laguna Bustillos. One isolated Clovis point base was found. This brief report is a summary of field work to date with little analysis or interpretation.CKelley, J. Charles 19932+Zenith Passage: The View From Chalchihuitesn@:Culture and Contact: Charles C. Di Peso's Gran Chichimeca ,%Anne I. Woosley and John C. Raveslootr227-250 Amerind Foundation Dragoon, Arizona The first page of this paper is biographical before moving into some discussion of other papers in this volume. Kelley accuses Riley of only paying "lip service" to the concept of a "Greater Mesoamerica". Kelley praises Doyel's paper in this volume. Doyel suggests that Mesoamerican goods may have reached Chaco via the Hohokam, which Riley is cool to. Kelley singles out the Dean and Ravesloot paper as probably being the most important contribution in this book in spite of results that must be expressed with wide errors. Di Peso's greatest error was accepting erroneous Medio dates (A.D. 1060-1340) leading him to equate Paquim with Tula and the Toltecs. Braniff (1993), and perhaps Kelley, prefer linking Cholula with events in Casas Grandes, based on revised chronology in both areas. Doolittle's paper is cited for rejecting Di Peso's idea of a major integrated irrigation system. Kelley claims that Alta Vista, a Chalchihuites ceremonial centre, is well-dated, although ambiguously in the same way as Paquim. He does equate the Calera phase of the Guadiana branch with the Diablo phase. Kelley attributes demise of the Suchil Branch to endemic warfare caused by development of "statelets" following the break-up of Teotihuacan dominated trade systems. The Guadiana branch disappeared after Tarascan expansion in West Mexico severed trade networks. Kelley proposed Hohokam - Chalchihuites connections previously. He also believes that principle types of domestic wares occur through the range of Chupicuaro-Chalchihuites-Casas Grandes cultures and do provide a source for Southwest ceramics. (This statement probably misses recent early dates from Arizona). Kelley sees plainware forming a virtual continuum along the eastern foothills of the Sierra. He criticizes Braniff and other Mesoamerican archaeologists for ignoring the existence of Loma San Gabriel culture. (* Of course Kelley has not published much that is substantial on LSG which cannot help). With the Wiegand paper Kelley gets into a discussion of trade routes up the West Coast, and the idea that Tarascan expansion cut off the American Southwest from established trade routes. Turquoise still found its way south, going around the "Tarascan blockade". This problem coincides with the revised chronology, demise of Paquim, and was, according to Kelley, the cause. Kelley expresses this as severing of the Greater Aztatlan trade route. Kelley points out that new dates for Paquim leave no room for Medio overlap with Chaco Canyon (redated by Judge to A.D. 900-1175). This raises the issue of why Chaco collapsed. Climatic deterioration is one widely accepted reason. Several of the papers in this volume accept the World System idea (with Mesoamerica) and no-one overly objects to the idea of a Greater Mesoamerica although the evidence is questioned. There are limited Mesoamerican traits at Paquim. Nearest neighbours include the Aztatlan on the Sinaloa coast, the late Chalchihuites (Guadiana Branch) in northern Durango, and probably the Malpaso culture of Zacatecas. Kelley believes that some Chalchihuites sites are clearly outposts of the Aztatlan mercantile system. He believes that traders from West Mexico crossing the Sierra into Durango represent the best bet for Mesoamerican mobile traders that transformed Paquim. There are no West Coast sherds at Paquim. There are reportedly early Aztatlan sherds in the Casas Grandes Valley. Kelley has these traders sparking events at Chaco, and later retreating to Casas Grandes, when the Chaco climate slid. archaeology Mexico PaquimD Kelley, J Charles Ellen Abbott 1964HBThe Cultural Sequence on the North Central Frontier of MesoamericaJCPaper Presented at the XXXVI International Congress of Americanists P I Durango and Zacatecas have extreme outposts of Mesoamerica. Mesoamerican enclaves lasted until perhaps A.D. 1350. Kelley concentrated four field season in the Guadiana Valley in the 1950's. During the 1960's research moved south from there. They state that Loma San Gabriel culture exisKelley, Jane H.  1993*#The View From the Mexican Northwest^WPaper Presented at the Society for American Archaeology Meetings, St. Louis, April 1993 l eThis paper is a regional review with an extensive bibliography. Northwest Mexico is presented as the other half of the Southwest culture spatial analysis. A thorough historical review of previous research follows. The basic point of this is that people have generally been preoccupied in either central Mexico or the American Southwest and take an interest in the middle ground only long enough to discuss large-scale regional dynamics. Assorted political and economic factors also enter into this. So the paper calls for taking Mexico out of the "black box." Northwest Mexico cannot expected to simply replicate what is found in the American Southwest. For a start there are two major physiographic differences in the form of major mountains and a coastline. But topics pursued in the U.S. could certainly be dealt with in Northwest Mexico too. Some future directions for research are suggested. Casas Grandes archaeology is in flux right now as reinterpretations of Di Peso's work accumulate. One of the more interesting issues now is how Paquim connected to outlying regions. A corollary is understanding variability in the regional system. The paper then shifts to Sonora and the issue of "statelets" and mention of some little known complexes such as Huatabampo. Discussion of Hunter-Gatherer to Agriculturalist relations follows. J.C. Kelley's Juan Sabeata paper (1955) is invoked as a reminder that mobile people (with a light archaeological trace) may have an intermediary role between sedentary groups. There is a fairly wide zone between the north end of Mesoamerica and the south end of the Greater Southwest which hold no dramatic examples of complexity. J.H. Kelley advocates a buffer zone between complex areas that serves as a spacing. This is not a formal no-man's land or the gap once thought to exist in this area (* only under the qualification of no work being done in the middle area e.g. Ekholm 1940). So Northwest Mexico offers opportunities to discuss relative placement of complex societies. The strongest closing point is that Northwest Mexico needs to be seen as more than a potential conduit between Mesoamerica and the Southwest. There is a lot to be said for cross-border co-operation. *a sound review that identifies what issues are and where things could profitably move to. A version for publication is coming out coauthored with Elisa Villalpando.LH~VhGFE Kelley, J. Charles i 1995JCTrade Goods, Traders and Status in Northwestern Greater Mesoamerica Jonathan E. Reyman^WThe Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Northern Mesoamerica Boulder3 Westview Press102-145TViews on this topic are notably polarized. This is a review of three artifacts types generally taken to be trade goods into the Southwest: copper bells, pyrite mirrors (or mosaic plaques), and conch shell trumpets. The point of this paper is to argue that these items are status markers worn by Mesoamerican traders. There is a protracted account of where and why copper bells appear in Mesoamerica. Copper was smelted at Amapa (Nayarit) which is a site Kelley ties into his Aztatln mercantile system. Kelley claims that there is strong evidence for traders having lived among Loma San Gabriel and Chalchihuites groups. Bells are found in burials at Can del Molino, near the city of Durango, and these are presumably "high status traders" (* Haven't we heard this somewhere before?) Kelley argues for a trade route between Can del Molino and Casas Grandes. Kelley agrees with Di Peso in calling Casas Grandes a trading centre where copper was smelted. There are 688 pieces of copper from Paquim including 115 bells. Some copper bell finds from the Southwest are summarized next. Pyrite mirrors are reviewed next in a similar manner. Di Peso reports them arriving at the Convento Site in the Piln Phase. He takes this to be diagnostic of the Tezcatlipoca cult. These mirrors fall out of use around A.D. 1050. Conch shells were widely used in Mesoamerica, including West Mexico, as trumpets. In West Mexico they come from shaft tombs. There are a few conch shell trumpets from Alta Vista. There are 160 conch shell trumpets from Paquim plus a few other conch shell artifacts. These artifacts are all from Medio contexts. Some conch shell trumpets have also been excavated in Arizona and New Mexico. Kelley hypothesizes that these artifacts suggest vanguard merchants, rather than Pochteca, who ventured out as entrepreneurs. A few paragraphs of speculation about what was traded follow. *As a review this is a good article but the interpretations are hardly supported and not at all convincing. Kelley, R. L. 1995Foraging and Subsistence Minnis60hunter-gatherers subsistence anthropology theoryRobert L. Kelley 1995 Washington, D.C. $Smithsonian Institution PresseChapter Two: Environment, Evolution and Anthropological Theory Considers the development of the concepts of ecology and environment in explaining culture within anthropology.   D=The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Lifewaysa&Kelley, J. C. Villapando, M. E.t 1996*$An Overview of the Mexican Northwest Fish, P.R. Reid, J. J.ZSInterpreting Southwestern Diversity: Underlying Principles and Overarching Patterns Tempe ^XArizona State University Archaeological Research Paper No. 48. Arizona State University 69-80 NW Mexico NW MexicoZTKelly, Sophia, Matthew Peeples, Jason Sperinck, M. Scott Thompson, and Keith Kintigh 2005<5Small Site Testing in the El Morro Valley, New Mexico\@:70th Annual Meeting of the Society of American Archaeology Salt Lake City, Utah,John G. Kennedy  1978 :Tarahumara of the Sierra Madre  .Walter Goldschmidt  .Arlington Heights  AHM < anthropology ecology subsistence >"Worlds of Man: Studies in Ecology  ]\&d[xs Saitta, R. D.o 1997LEPower, Labor, and the Dynamics of Change in Chacoan Political EconomyAmerican Antiquity62 7-26economicChaco general economic(!Saitta, R. D. McGuire, Randall H. 1998D>Dialectics, Heterarchy, and Western Pueblo Social OrganizationAmerican Antiquity63334-336 leadership*#Sampson, C. Garth and John C. Vogelf 1995^XRadiocarbon chronology of later stone age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow valley"Journal of field archaeology42z 84-94 4.Seacow valley, pottery decorations, chronology*Sanders, W. T.  1968 tXHydraulic Agriculture, Economic Symbiosis, and the Evolution of States in Central Mexico  * B. J. Meggers  F*Anthropological Archeology in the Americas  ,Washington, D.C.  B%Anthropological Society of Washington "88-107 :archaeology cultural evolution 6Sanders, W. T. D. 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