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Project Summary
Personnel:
Noah Snyder (Ph.D.)
Erosional unloading is an important force in
orogenic processes; the rates and patterns of erosion influence the
heights of mountain belts, outcrop patterns of lithologic units, and,
perhaps, the rates and styles of crustal deformation. Analysis of the
interactions of tectonic and surficial processes requires quantitative
understanding of the dynamics of bedrock channel systems. That is, in
tectonically active fluvial landscapes bedrock channels control the
rates and patterns of erosional unloading because they set the lower
boundary condition for hillslope processes that accomplish land surface
denudation. Unfortunately, little is known quantitatively about many
aspects of the process of river incision into bedrock, and this limits
our ability to model the evolution of bedrock channel systems. In
particular, field data are needed to constrain:
- rates of bedrock
incision
- patterns of transient response to tectonic
forcing
- channel
response timescales
- controls on bedrock channel width
- and
morphological consequences of transitions in channel processes (e.g.,
fluvial to debris flow)
In an effort to improve our capabilities to
model interactions between
tectonic and surface processes, we propose to examine bedrock channel
systems at three field sites: coastal drainages of the King Range of
northern California, post-glacial gullies in the Finger Lakes region of
New York, and Knife Creek in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in
Alaska. We chose these sites because climate and lithology are
spatially invariant in each, uplift and climatic histories of each are
relatively well-constrained, and each contains landforms indicative of
incision (e.g., strath terraces) and tectonic disturbance (e.g.,
oversteepened stream segments) that provide a means of assessing
incision rates and patterns of transient response to tectonic forcing.
We will use data obtained from this comparative analysis to place
quantitative constraints on an existing mathematical model of bedrock
channel evolution through a series of forward and inverse modeling
exercises (both 2-D profile and 3-D landscape evolution models). The
results will provide a more complete understanding of processes in
bedrock channel systems and an improved mathematical framework for the
analysis of landscape evolution and the interaction of tectonic,
climatic and surficial processes.
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